QUESTION PAPER
2025 BOARD EXAM
CBSE CLASS 12-HUMANITIES GEOGRAPHY Board Paper 2025 — Set 5
2025
GEOGRAPHY
CLASS 12-HUMANITIES
CBSE EXAMINATION PAPER-2025
GEOGRAPHY
(Solved)
General Instructions :
Read the following instructions carefully and follow them :
- This question paper contains 37 questions. All questions are compulsory.
- This question paper is divided into 4 sections.
- Section A – questions number 1 to 7 are case based questions
- Section B – questions number 8 to 23 are multiple choice questions
- Section C – questions number 24 to 28 are short answer
- Section D – questions number 29 to 37 are long answer
- There is no overall choice given in the question paper. However, an internal choice has been provided in few questions.
- Use of calculator is NOT allowed.
Section A
Read the given passage carefully and answer the questions that follow:
Human Development
Access to resources, health and education are the key areas in human development. Suitable indicators have been developed to measure each of these aspects.
Very often, people do not have the capability and freedom to make even basic choices. This may be due to their inability to acquire knowledge, their material poverty, social discrimination, inefficiency of institutions and other reasons. This prevents them from leading healthy lives, being able to get educated or to have the means to live a decent life.
Building people's capabilities in the areas of health, education and access to resources is therefore, important in enlarging their choices. If people do not have capabilities in these areas, their choices also get limited.
For example, an uneducated child cannot make the choice to be a doctor because her choice has got limited by her lack of education. Similarly, very often poor people cannot choose to take medical treatment for disease because their choice is limited by their lack of resources.
(1) Name any two areas of human development.
[1 Marks](2) Explain the condition in which the choices of people are restricted.
[1 Marks](3) Mention any two reasons which lead to lack of capability and freedom to make even basic choices.
[1 Marks]
(1) Name the ports marked (A) and (B) on the given map.
[1 Marks](2) Explain the economic significance of the river as an inland waterway.
[1 Marks](3) Name the waterway given in the map.
[1 Marks]Study the following graph carefully and answer the questions that follow :
(1) Explain the reason of high net population increase in stage II of demographic transition theory.
(2) Differentiate between stage I and III of demographic transition theory.
(3) Describe the socio-economic conditions of countries under stage III of demographic transition theory.
On the given political outline map of the world , seven geographical features have been marked as A, B, C, D, E, F and G. Identify any five with the help of the following information and write their correct names on the lines drawn near them :
(1) A. An area of extensive commercial grain farming
(2) B. An area of subsistence gathering
(3) C. A major sea port
(4) D. A major airport
(5) E. A major sea port
(6) G. An inland waterway
(7) F. A major area of nomadic herding
Answer any five questions out of the following :
(1) 1) Name an area of extensive commercial grain farming in North America
(2) 3) Write the name of a major sea port in northern Europe.
(3) 2) Name a major area of subsistence gathering in Africa.
(4) 4) Name a major airport in the southern part of North America.
(5) 5) Name a major sea port of South Africa.
(6) 6) Name a major area of nomadic herding of northern Asia.
(7) 7) Write the name of an inland waterway of Egypt.
On the given political outline map of India , locate and label any five of the following seven geographical features with appropriate symbols :
(1) 1) The state leading in the production of cotton
(2) 3) Copper mines located in northern part of Jharkhand
(3) 2) Iron ore mines located in southern part of Chhattisgarh
(4) 6) A sea port built to relieve the pressure of Kolkata sea port
(5) 5) An international airport in Gujarat
(6) 4) A major sea port of Goa
(7) 7) The state leading in the production of tea
Answer any five questions out of the following :
(1) Name the state leading in the production of cotton.
(2) Name the place where iron ore mines are located in southern part of Chhattisgarh.
(3) Name the place where copper mines are located in northern part of Jharkhand.
(4) Write the name of a sea port built to relieve the pressure of Kolkata sea port.
(5) Write the name of the place where a major sea port is located in Goa.
(6) Name the state leading in tea production.
(7) Name the place where an international airport is located in Gujarat.
Section B
"The number of people would increase faster than the food supply ." This concept was given by which one Of the following
Read the following characteristics of tertiary activities carefully and choose the correct option.
I. It is involved in processing of physical raw materials.
II. It is an output of services.
III. Many of the services are highly specialised.
IV. Electrician, doctor, lawyer, driver are some of its examples.
Match Column-I with Column-II and choose the correct option.
Read the following characteristics of workforce carefully, where work is performed through outsourcing and choose the correct option.
I. Availability of cheap and skilled workers
II. Good English language skill of involved workforce
III. Highly-skilled well-paid professionals
IV. Facility of customer support and call centre services
Which one of the following is the disadvantage of 'free trade' for developing countries ?
The successful implementation of watershed management programme in Jhabua district of Madhya Pradesh was funded by which one of the following?
Two statements are given below. They are Assertion (A) and Reason (R). Read both the statements carefully and choose the correct option.
Assertion (A): Lack of basic necessities such as housing, health and drinking water, etc. are found in slum settlements.
Reason (R): The Government of India launched the 'Swachh Bharat
Mission' to improve the quality of life in urban slums.
Which one of the following plans was introduced to improve the conditions of roads in India?
Arrange the following towns of India from the oldest to the newest on the basis of their evolution and choose the correct option.
I. Lucknow
II. Varanasi
III. Bhilai
IV. Jamshedpur
Relation Between Humans and their Physical Environment You are already aware of the fact that the core concern of geography as a discipline is to understand the earth as home of human beings and to study all those elements, which have sustained them. Thus, emphasis is on study of nature and human beings. You will realise that geography got subjected to dualism and the wide-ranging debates started whether geography as a discipline should be a law making/theorising (nomothetic) or descriptive (idiographic). Human beings interact with their physical environment with the help of technology. It is not important what human beings produce and create but it is extremely important 'with the help Of what tools and techniques do they produce and create'.
Technology indicates the level of cultural development of society. Human beings were able to develop technology after they developed better understanding of natural laws.
Q.15 To understand the earth surface in geography, which one of the following is inseparable ?
Relation Between Humans and their Physical Environment You are already aware of the fact that the core concern of geography as a discipline is to understand the earth as home of human beings and to study all those elements, which have sustained them. Thus, emphasis is on study of nature and human beings. You will realise that geography got subjected to dualism and the wide-ranging debates started whether geography as a discipline should be a law making/theorising (nomothetic) or descriptive (idiographic). Human beings interact with their physical environment with the help of technology. It is not important what human beings produce and create but it is extremely important 'with the help Of what tools and techniques do they produce and create'. Technology indicates the level of cultural development of society. Human beings were able to develop technology after they developed better understanding of natural laws.
Q 16. The core concern of geography as a discipline is which one of the following ? Choose the most appropriate option.
Relation Between Humans and their Physical Environment You are already aware of the fact that the core concern of geography as a discipline is to understand the earth as home of human beings and to study all those elements, which have sustained them. Thus, emphasis is on study of nature and human beings. You will realise that geography got subjected to dualism and the wide-ranging debates started whether geography as a discipline should be a law making/theorising (nomothetic) or descriptive (idiographic). Human beings interact with their physical environment with the help of technology. It is not important what human beings produce and create but it is extremely important 'with the help Of what tools and techniques do they produce and create'. Technology indicates the level of cultural development of society. Human beings were able to develop technology after they developed better understanding of natural laws.
Q 17. Which one of the following helped human beings to develop high order of technology ? Choose the most appropriate option.
Section C
Suggest the measures to overcome the problem of water pollution in India.
Explain the main features Of the 'Bharatmala Project' for road Connectivity.
Explain the main characteristics of demographic transition theory.
Explain the main characteristics of Kolkata sea port and its hinterland.
Explain the main characteristics of Mumbai sea port and its hinterland.
Section D
Industries maximise profits by reducing costs. Explain the statement with examples.
Other Years — GEOGRAPHY