SOLUTIONS
2025 BOARD EXAM
CBSE CLASS 12-HUMANITIES GEOGRAPHY Board Paper 2025 — Set 2
2025
GEOGRAPHY
CLASS 12-HUMANITIES
CBSE EXAMINATION PAPER-2025
GEOGRAPHY
(Solved)
General Instructions :
Read the following instructions carefully and follow them :
- This question paper contains 38 questions. All questions are compulsory.
- This question paper is divided into 4 sections.
- Section A – questions number 1 to 8 are case based questions
- Section B – questions number 9 to 25 are multiple choice questions
- Section C – questions number 26 to 29 are short answer
- Section D – questions number 30 to 38 are long answer
- There is no overall choice given in the question paper. However, an internal choice has been provided in few questions.
- Use of calculator is NOT allowed.
Section A
Read the passage carefully and answer the questions that follow:
Hunting and Food Gathering. The earliest human beings depended on their immediate environment for their sustenance. They subsisted on: (a) animals which they hunted; and (b) the edible plants which they gathered from forests in the vicinity. Primitive societies depended on wild animals. People located in very cold and extremely hot climates survived on hunting. The people in the coastal areas still catch fish though fishing has experienced modernisation due to technological development. Many species have now become extinct or endangered due to illegal hunting (poaching). The early hunters used primitive tools made of stones, twigs, or arrows so the number of animals killed was limited. Gathering and hunting are the oldest economic activity known. These are carried out at different levels with different orientations. Gathering is practised in regions with harsh climatic conditions. It Often involves primitive societies, who extract, both plants and animals to satisfy their needs for shelter and clothing. This type Of activity requires a small amount of capital investment and operates at very low level of technology. The yield per person is very low and little or no surplus is produced.
(1) Examine the impact of poaching on wild animals.
(2) Why was hunting of animals limited in early times ? Explain.
(3) Why did early man depend upon his immediate natural environment ? Explain.
Study the following table carefully and answer the questions that follow :
(1) Mention the reason for the decrease in cultivable waste land in 2014-15 as compared to 1950-51.
(2) Mention the reason for the increase in current fallow during 2014-15 as compared to 1950-51.
(3) Explain the reason of increase in net area sown.
Study the map of Rhine waterways and answer the questions that follow
(1) Name the country in which most of Rhine river lies.
(2) Why is river Rhine world's most heavily used waterway ?
(3) Name two countries whose industrial areas are connected by river Rhine.
The following questions are for the Visually Impaired Candidates only in lieu of Questions :
(1) Mention the name of the country from where the Rhine waterway begins in the upstream.
(2) Name the major sea port where river Rhine falls into North Sea.
(3) Explain the significance of river Rhine as a water highway of commerce.
On the outline political map of the world, seven geographical features have been marked as A, B, C, D, E, F and G. Identify any FIVE of them and write their names on the lines drawn near them :
(1) A. Major sea port in Germany.
(2) B. Terminal station of Trans-Siberian Railway.
(3) F. An area of 'Nomadic Herding'.
(4) E. An important waterway.
(5) D. An area of subsistence gathering.
(6) C. An international airport.
(7) G. An area of extensive commercial grain farming
Note : Answer any five
(1) Name the major seaport in Germany.
(2) Mention an international airport in South Africa.
(3) Name the easternmost terminal station of Trans-Siberian Railway.
(4) Mention an area of subsistence gathering in Canada.
(5) Name an important waterway of Egypt.
(6) Mention an area of nomadic herding in Africa.
(7) Mention an area of extensive commercial grain farming of Australia.
On the given political outline map of India, locate and label any five of
the following geographical features with appropriate symbols.
(1) Important iron ore mines in Odisha.
(2) An important seaport in Kerala.
(3) A copper mine in Rajasthan.
(4) An oil refinery in Bihar.
(5) A state with highest density of population.
(6) An international airport in Punjab.
(7) A state leading in the production of jute.
Attempt any five :
(1) Name an important iron ore mining area in Odisha.
(2) Name the maln sea port of Kerala.
(3) Name the place of an oil refinery in Bihar.
(4) Mention the name of a copper mining area of Rajasthan.
(5) Mention the name of a place where an international airport is located in Punjab.
(6) Name the state with highest density of population.
(7) Which is the leading state in the production of jute ?
Section B
Which one of the following is the core concern of geography as a discipline?
The correct option is 'To understand the earth as the home of human beings and its sustainability.' This is correct because the context emphasizes that geography focuses on understanding the Earth as a habitat for humans and studying the elements that sustain them, highlighting the relationship between human activities and the physical environment.
Two statements are given below. They are Assertion (A) and Reason (R). Read both the statements carefully and choose the correct option:
Assertion (A): World Trade Organisation (WTO) is widening the gulf between rich and poor by making rich countries richer.
Reason (R): ‘The influential nations in the WTO focus on their own commercial interests.
Both (A) and (R) are correct and (R) is the correct explanation of (A). The context states that free trade and the workings of the WTO have resulted in poorer nations falling behind as they do not receive the same benefits as the rich nations. This is primarily because powerful nations prioritize their own commercial interests in the WTO, thereby widening the economic gap.
Choose the correct option to fill the blank:
The act of opening up economies for trading is known as
Arrange the following towns of India from the oldest to the newest order based on their historical evolution and choose the correct option:
(i) Jaipur
(ii) Chandigarh
(iii) Madurai
(iv) Jamshedpur
The correct order is Madurai (iii), Jaipur (i), Jamshedpur (iv), and Chandigarh (ii). Madurai is one of the oldest cities dating back to ancient times, Jaipur was founded in the 18th century, Jamshedpur was established in the early 20th century, and Chandigarh was built in the mid-20th century as a planned city after India gained independence.
Read the following statements related to the objectives of smart city mission carefully and choose the correct option:
(i) To promote the city with clean and sustainable environment.
(ii) To provide decent quality of life to its citizens.
(iii) To provide employment to the job seekers.
(iv) To make the city less vulnerable to disasters.
Only (i), (ii), and (iv) are correct. The objectives of the Smart Cities Mission include promoting a clean and sustainable environment, providing a decent quality of life to citizens, and making cities less vulnerable to disasters. Although providing employment is important, it is not explicitly stated as one of the core objectives in the context provided.
Two statements are given below. They are Assertion (A) and Reason (R).
Read both the statements carefully and the correct option :
Assertion (A) : The agriculturally rich states of Punjab, Haryana and western Uttar Pradesh are facing the crisis of groundwater depletion.'
Reason (R) : 'More groundwater is utilised for irrigation than water- table recharge.'
Both (A) and (R) are correct and (R) is the correct reason for (A). The context explains that Punjab, Haryana, and western Uttar Pradesh utilize a large proportion of their groundwater for irrigation purposes, leading to groundwater depletion. The assertion is correct as these states are indeed facing this crisis, and the reason accurately reflects that excessive groundwater usage for irrigation surpasses the rate of recharge.
Read the following statements related to Indira Gandhi Canal Project carefully and the correct option :
(i) Indira Gandhi Canal project was conceived by Kanwar Sain in 1950 and it was launched in 1961.
(ii) Introduction of canal irrigation has brought perceptible changes in the agricultural economy of the command area.
(iii) Spread of canal irrigation has led to increase in cultivated area and crop intensity.
(iv) Traditional crops of jowar, bajra has been replaced by and wheat
The correct option is (i), (ii) and (iii) only are correct. Statement (i) is accurate regarding the project's conception and launch. Statement (ii) correctly reflects that canal irrigation has significantly changed the agricultural economy in the region. Statement (iii) is also correct as it states that canal irrigation has increased both cultivated area and cropping intensity. However, statement (iv) is misleading as it inaccurately refers to traditional crops being replaced only by 'and wheat' without mentioning other crops, while the context notes that traditional crops have been replaced by wheat, cotton, groundnut, and rice.
Read the following statements related to international trade of India carefully and choose the correct option :
(i) India has a long coastline surrounded by ocean from three sides.
(ii) Indian coasts have large number of well-developed sea ports.
(iii) Kandla port exports huge amount of iron-ore.
(iv) The transportation cost by water is very cheap for voluminous items.
The correct option is 'Only (i), (ii) and (iv) are correct'. Statement (i) is true as India does have a long coastline from three sides. Statement (ii) is also correct since India has 12 major and 200 minor ports. Statement (iv) is accurate because water transport is indeed the cheapest means for carrying voluminous goods. However, statement (iii) is incorrect as Kandla port primarily handles other types of cargo, not specifically a 'huge amount of iron-ore'.
Why is it that slums are the areas of residence with least choice ? Choose the correct options
(i) They have dilapidated houses with poor ventilation.
(ii) The basic facilities like lights and toilets are difficult to get.
(iii) Hygienic conditions and drinking water are improper.
(iv) Better drainage facilities are available.
The correct options are 'Only (i), (ii) and (iii) are correct.' This is because slums are characterized by dilapidated houses (i), lack of basic facilities like lights and toilets (ii), and improper hygienic conditions and drinking water (iii). These conditions show the lack of choice available to residents, whereas option (iv) is incorrect as slums do not have better drainage facilities. The context supports this by describing the poor living conditions in slums.
Under which one of the following category of commodities, increase in export is continuously observed?
The correct option is 'Agriculture and allied products' because the context indicates that there has been a significant growth registered in floricultural products, fresh fruits, marine products, and sugar under this category, despite the decline in other sectors. This indicates a rise in exports within agriculture and allied products.
Under which one of the following category of commodities, maximum decline in export is recorded from 2015-16 to 2016-17?
Under which one of the following categories of commodities, the increase in export is observed from 2010-11 to 2016-17?
Read the following statements about ports carefully and choose the correct option:
(i) The ports provide the facilities of loading, unloading and storage of cargo.
(ii) The importance of ports is judged by the size of its hinterland.
(iii) The quantity of cargo handled by a port indicates the level of development of its hinterland.
(iv) Ports are the chief gateways of the world trade.
The correct option is 'only (i), (ii) and (iv) are correct.' Statement (i) is correct as ports indeed provide facilities for loading, unloading, and storage of cargo. Statement (ii) is also true because the significance of a port is assessed by the size of its hinterland, which includes the volume of cargo and ships handled. Statement (iv) is accurate as ports serve as the principal gateways for international trade. Statement (iii) is misleading in its phrasing; while the quantity of cargo does reflect hinterland development, it does not clearly state this, making it less directly correct.
Section C
Examine the role of climate, water availability and soil fertility on the distribution of world population.
Examine three stages of demographic transition theory
Explain the main characteristics of rural roads in India.
Suggest the measures to achieve the objectives of 'Namami Gange Programme'.
Section D
Other Years — GEOGRAPHY