QUESTION PAPER
2026 BOARD EXAM
CBSE Class 12 Humanities Geography Board Paper 2026 — Set 2
2026
Geography
Class 12 Humanities
CBSE EXAMINATION PAPER-2026
GEOGRAPHY
(Solved)
General Instructions :
Read the following instructions carefully and follow them :
- This question paper contains 32 questions. All questions are compulsory.
- This question paper is divided into 4 sections.
- Section A – questions number 1 to 1 are case based questions
- Section B – questions number 2 to 18 are multiple choice questions
- Section C – questions number 19 to 23 are short answer
- Section D – questions number 24 to 32 are long answer
- There is no overall choice given in the question paper. However, an internal choice has been provided in few questions.
- Use of calculator is NOT allowed.
Section A
Read the given passage carefully and answer the questions that follow :
The Quaternary Sector
The Quaternary Sector along with the Tertiary Sector has replaced most of the primary and secondary employment as the basis for economic growth. Over half of all workers in developed economies are in the ‘Knowledge Sector’ and there has been a very high growth in demand for consumption of information-based services from mutual fund managers to tax consultants, software developers and statisticians. Personnel working in office buildings, elementary schools and university classrooms, hospitals and doctors’ offices, theatres, accounting and brokerage firms all belong to this category of services.
Like some of the tertiary functions, quaternary activities can also be outsourced. They are not tied to resources, affected by the environment, or necessarily localised by market.
(1) Define the concept of ‘outsourcing’.
[1 Mark](2) More than 50 percent of all workers in developed countries belongs to which sector of economy ?
[1 Mark](3) ‘Mutual funds managers’ are demanding which type of services ?
[1 Mark]Section B
Two statements are given below. They are Assertion (A) and Reason (R). Read both statements carefully and choose the correct option :
Assertion (A) : There is a strong dichotomy between physical elements and human beings.
Reason (R) : Nature and human are intricately interwined.
“Neither there is absolute necessity nor there is absolute freedom.” The given statement is related to which one of the following concepts ?
Read the following sub-fields of social geography carefully and choose the correct option :
I. Resource Geography
II. Leisure Geography
III. Gender Geography
IV. Marketing Geography
Which one of the following types of farming is most labour intensive ?
Which one of the following is an example of non-metallic mineral based industry ?
Two statements are given below. They are Assertion (A) and Reason (R).
Read both the statements carefully and choose the correct option :
Assertion (A) : The concept of ‘sustainable development’ emerged in 1990’s.
Reason (R) : General awareness about environmental issues originated during 1960’s in the western world.
Options :
Arrange the following coal mining areas of India from south to north direction of their location and choose the correct option :
I. Singareni
II. Neyveli
III. Jharia
IV. Talchar
If you were asked to prepare a ‘hill area development programme’, which of the following must be kept in mind ? Choose the correct option :
I. Establishing heavy industry
II. Ecosystem
III. National Highway construction
IV. Topography
Match Column-I with Column-II and choose the correct option :
Read the information given in the box carefully and identify the mineral :
Which one of the following contributes maximum in India’s export ?
Which one of the following ports is situated at ‘Zuari Estuary’ ?
Which one of the following inland waterway and its stretch is correctly matched ?
How many countries fall under the low category of ‘human development index’ in the given table ?
Congo comes under which one of the following categories of human development ?
Which of the following European country falls under very high category of human development ?
Section C
“International trade is mutually beneficial to nations.” Support the statement with suitable arguments.
“Global sea ports are the gateways of international trade.” Support the statement with suitable arguments.
Explain the importance of the ‘Northern Atlantic Sea Route’.
Study the given table carefully and answer the questions that follow :
During which decade, the net increase in number of towns/UAs is the lowest ?
Mention the net increase in number of towns/UAs during 1981-91.
Explain the decennial growth rate of urban population.
Explain the need to extend the network of national highways in India.
Section D
How do the ‘landforms’ and ‘urbanisation’ influence the distribution of world population ? Explain with examples.
How do ‘water availability’ and ‘industrialization’ influence the distribution of world population ? Explain with examples.
“The earliest human beings depended on their immediate environment for their sustenance.” Examine the statement with reference to hunting and gathering.
“Commercial livestock rearing is well organised and capital intensive.” Examine the statement with comparison to nomadic herding.
Explain the problem of ‘low productivity’ of Indian agriculture. Analyse the role of ‘National Mission for Sustainable Agriculture’ to solve this problem.
Explain the problems of the ‘indebtedness’ of Indian farmers. Analyse the importance of ‘farmer’s portal’ in helping the farmers.
“The government of India’s campaign ‘Beti Bachao – Beti Padhao’ is an effective step to empower women.” Justify the statement.
Explain the causes of air pollution and suggest any three measures to overcome it.
Explain the causes of noise pollution and suggest any three measures to overcome it.
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