CBSE Class 12 Humanities Geography Board Paper 2026 — Set 1

Read the given passage carefully and answer the questions that follow :

Water Pollution

Industries produce several undesirable products including industrial wastes, polluted waste water, poisonous gases, chemical residuals, numerous heavy metals, dust, smoke, etc. Most of the industrial wastes are disposed off in running water or lakes. Consequently, poisonous elements reach the reservoirs, rivers and other water bodies, which destroy the bio-system of these waters. Major water polluting industries are leather, pulp and paper, textiles and chemicals.

Which of the following statements related to the concept of ‘development’ are correct ? Choose the appropriate option.

I. Development means positive change in life.

II. When positive growth is there, it is development.

III. When quantity is greater, it is development.

IV. Development is always relative to value.

Match column-I with column-II correctly and choose the appropriate option :

Which one of the following is the low latitudes zone of subsistence gathering practiced in the world ?

Choose the correct option related to oil tanker ports of the world.

Two statements are given below. They are Assertion (A) and Reason (R). Read both the statements carefully and choose the correct option :

Assertion (A) : All the developed countries have opened their markets for products from developing countries.

Reason (R) : World Trade Organisation deals with the global rules of trade between nations.

Read the following statements carefully regarding ‘tertiary activities’ and choose the correct option :

I. Tertiary activities include both production and exchange of services.

II. Tertiary activities involve the commercial output of services.

III. Tertiary activities are directly involved in the processing of raw material.

IV. The examples of tertiary activities are – plumber, doctor, publisher. Options :

Choose the correctly matched pair from the following.

Choose the right group of states where Dravadian language is spoken majorly.

Which one of the following set of cities falling on the ‘Golden Quadrilateral’ are arranged in a clock-wise direction from Delhi ?

Which one of the following is a natural process of land degradation ?

The loudness of the sound is measured in the unit known as :

How many of the listed countries fall under Asian continent ?

Which of the following set of continents is not represented in the table ? Choose the most appropriate option.

China and Brazil together account for what percentage of the world population ?

Examine the relationships between the ‘unresting man’ and ‘unstable earth’.

Examine the importance of ‘sustainability’ as a pillar of ‘human development’.

Explain the main characteristics of urban settlements in India.

Explain the evolution of towns in India.

Study the following table carefully and answer the questions that follow :

1. Why is the large difference between primary and tertiary categories of female workers ?

2. Explain the reason of low variation between male workers of ‘primary’ and ‘tertiary’ sectors.

3. Why ‘secondary sector’ has low contribution in India's workforce?

“Industries should be located at points where the production costs are minimum.” Examine the statement with suitable arguments.

“Railway is the mode of land transport for bulky goods and passengers over long distances.” In the context of this statement, explain the significance of railways in the world.

“Road transport is the most economical for short distances compared to railway.” In the context of this statement, explain the significance of road transport in the world.

“Generally land-use in a region is influenced by the nature of economic activities.” Support the statement with suitable examples.

“The Indian agricultural problems have physical constraints and institutional hindrances.” Support the statement with suitable examples.

Explain the significance of petroleum as major source of energy and describe its distribution in India.

Explain the significance of iron-ore as industrial raw material and describe its distribution in India.

Analyse the importance of Indian seaports in the development of international trade.

Analyse the changing pattern of India’s international trade.