SOLUTIONS
2022 BOARD EXAM
CBSE CLASS 10 SOCIAL SCIENCE Board Paper 2022 — Set 4
2022
SOCIAL SCIENCE
CLASS 10
CBSE EXAMINATION PAPER-2022
SOCIAL SCIENCE
(Solved)
General Instructions :
Read the following instructions carefully and follow them :
- This question paper contains 17 questions. All questions are compulsory.
- This question paper is divided into 4 sections.
- Section A – questions number 1 to 4 are case based questions
- Section B – questions number 5 to 9 are very short answer
- Section C – questions number 10 to 13 are short answer
- Section D – questions number 14 to 17 are long answer
- There is no overall choice given in the question paper. However, an internal choice has been provided in few questions.
- Use of calculator is NOT allowed.
Section A
Question 1.
Read the given case and answer the questions that follow:
Mahatma Gandhi's thoughts on Satyagraha.
'It is said of “passive resistance” that it is the weapon of the weak, but the power which is the subject of this article can be used only by the strong. This power is not passive resistance; indeed it calls for intense activity. The movement in South Africa was not passive but active... 'Satyagraha is not physical force. A satyagrahi does not inflict pain on the adversary; he does not seek his destruction. In the use of satyagraha, there is no ill-will whatever. '
'Satyagraha is pure soul-force. Truth is the very substance of the soul. That is why this force is called satyagraha. The soul is informed with knowledge. It burns the flame of love ... Nonviolence is the supreme dharma ...'
' It is certain that India cannot rival Britain or Europe in force of arms. The British worship the war-god and they can all of them become, as they are becoming, bearers of arms. The hundreds of millions in India can never carry arms. They have made the religion of non-violence their own.'
(1) What type of movement did Gandhiji organise in South Africa?
[1 Marks]
Answer: Gandhiji organised a movement known as Satyagraha in South Africa. This movement was not a form of passive resistance but an active expression of the principle of non-violence. Satyagraha, which translates to 'truth force' or 'soul force', was aimed at achieving social justice without inflicting harm on adversaries. Through Satyagraha, Gandhi sought to respond to injustices faced by Indians in South Africa, employing nonviolent methods, emphasizing love, and appealing to the moral conscience of oppressors. The South African movement was pivotal in shaping Gandhi's approach to civil rights and nonviolent activism.
Key Points: Satyagraha movement-active expression of non-violence-not passive resistance-truth force-aimed at social justice-love and moral conscience-nonviolent methods
(2) Why is satyagraha considered as pure soul-force?
[1 Marks]
Answer: Satyagraha is regarded as pure soul-force because it embodies the principles of truth and nonviolence, which are fundamental to the human spirit. Mahatma Gandhi describes this force as being informed with knowledge, with truth being the essence of the soul. Unlike physical force, which may seek to inflict pain or destruction, satyagraha focuses on love and compassion, aiming to convert the adversary rather than defeat them. It promotes a deep understanding of oneself and others, fostering reconciliation through the pursuit of truth. Essentially, satyagraha reflects the strength of character and a commitment to nonviolence, which makes it a potent and active form of resistance.
Key Points: Satyagraha as embodiment of truth; nonviolence is core principle; seeks to convert rather than defeat; emphasizes love and knowledge; reflects strength of character and commitment.
(3) How has Gandhiji described passive resistance?
[2 Marks]
Answer: Gandhiji describes passive resistance as a weapon associated with the weak, implying that it lacks the strength required for meaningful social change. In contrast, he emphasizes that Satyagraha, which is often mistaken for passive resistance, requires immense inner strength and active participation. Unlike passive resistance, Satyagraha is rooted in 'pure soul-force' and does not inflict pain or seek the destruction of the adversary. It embodies the principles of truth and non-violence, highlighting that true power derives from moral strength rather than physical force. Thus, Satyagraha stands as a more potent and ethical form of resistance, distinct from the concept of passive resistance.
Key Points: Passive resistance seen as a weapon of the weak - Satyagraha requires strength and active participation - Satyagraha is pure soul-force - Does not inflict pain or seek destruction - Emphasizes truth and non-violence
Question 2.
Read the given case and answer the questions that follow:
Challenges faced by the Jute industry include stiff competition in the international market from synthetic substitutes and from other competitors like Bangladesh, Brazil, Philippines, Egypt, and Thailand. However, the internal demand has been on the increase due to the Government policy of mandatory use of jute packaging. To stimulate demand, the products need to be diversified. In 2005, National Jute Policy was formulated with the objective of increasing productivity, improving quality, ensuring good prices to the jute farmers and enhancing the yield per hectare. The main markets are U.S.A., Canada, Russia, United Arab Republic, UK, and Australia. The growing global concern for environment-friendly, biodegradable materials has once again opened the opportunity for jute products.
(1) What was the main objective of the National Jute Policy formulated in 2005?
[1 Marks]
Answer: The main objective of the National Jute Policy formulated in 2005 was to increase the productivity of jute, improve the quality of jute products, ensure good prices for jute farmers, and enhance the yield per hectare. This policy aimed to boost the jute industry in India, which faces challenges from international competition and substitute materials. By addressing these critical areas, the policy sought to support jute farmers and strengthen the domestic and global market for jute products.
Key Points: Increase productivity-Improve product quality-Ensure good prices for farmers-Enhance yield per hectare
(2) Mention any two challenges faced by the 'jute industry' in India.
Answer: The jute industry in India faces several challenges. Firstly, there is stiff competition in the international market from synthetic substitutes and other jute-producing countries such as Bangladesh, Brazil, and the Philippines. This competition undermines the market position of Indian jute products. Secondly, despite the growing internal demand due to government policies mandating the use of jute packaging, the producers are struggling with fluctuating prices of raw jute, which can impact their profitability and sustainability.
Key Points: Stiff competition from synthetic substitutes and other countries - Price fluctuations of raw jute affecting producers
(3) How has the jute industry opened new opportunities for its products?
[2 Marks]
Answer: The jute industry has opened new opportunities for its products primarily due to the growing global demand for environmentally-friendly and biodegradable materials. With increasing awareness about sustainability, jute, often referred to as the 'Golden Fibre,' is gaining popularity as an alternative to synthetic materials. The mandatory use of jute packaging in various sectors has also bolstered internal demand, setting a solid foundation for the jute industry. Furthermore, the National Jute Policy launched in 2005 aims to enhance productivity and quality, thus allowing jute producers in India to tap into lucrative international markets such as the USA, Canada, and Australia. Additionally, diversification of jute products beyond traditional uses, such as in the production of mats, ropes, yarn, and carpets, has created even more avenues for growth and innovation in the sector.
Key Points: growing global demand for eco-friendly products-mandatory jute packaging increasing internal demand-National Jute Policy enhancing productivity-diversification into new product categories-international market opportunities
Question 3.
On the given outline political Map of India, identify the place marked as (A) with the help of following information and write its correct name on the line marked near it.
(1) The place where National Congress Session was held in September 1920.
Answer: The National Congress Session held in September 1920 took place in Calcutta (now Kolkata). It was a significant event in the Indian independence movement, where crucial decisions regarding the non-cooperation movement were made under the leadership of prominent leaders such as Mahatma Gandhi.
Key Points: Congress Session in September 1920-Calcutta (Kolkata)-importance in Indian independence movement-decision on non-cooperation movement
(2) On the same given Map of India, locate and label the following with appropriate symbols. I Tarapur - Nuclear Power Plant or Kalpakkam - Nuclear Power Plant II Hyderabad - Rajiv Gandhi International Airpot
Answer: The Tarapur Nuclear Power Plant, located in Maharashtra, can be indicated on the map using a specific symbol (e.g., a nuclear symbol). Alternatively, the Kalpakkam Nuclear Power Plant in Tamil Nadu can also be marked with the same symbol if chosen. Further, the location of the Rajiv Gandhi International Airport can be marked near Hyderabad using an airplane symbol. It is important to correctly represent these locations as per the symbols provided in the context.
Key Points: Identify Tarapur Nuclear Power Plant in Maharashtra or Kalpakkam Nuclear Power Plant in Tamil Nadu; Use appropriate symbols for nuclear power plants; Locate and label Hyderabad - Rajiv Gandhi International Airport with an airplane symbol.
Question 4.
Note : The following question is for Visually Impaired Candidates only.
(1) Name the place where the Indian National Congress session was held in September 1920.
Answer: The Indian National Congress session in September 1920 was held in Calcutta. This session was important as it laid the groundwork for the Non-Cooperation Movement under the leadership of Mahatma Gandhi, aiming to resist British rule through non-violent means.
Key Points: Calcutta-September 1920-Non-Cooperation Movement
(2) Name the State where Kalpakkam Nuclear Poer Plant is located.
Answer: The Kalpakkam Nuclear Power Plant is located in the state of Tamil Nadu, India. This power plant plays a significant role in providing nuclear energy to the region and contributes to the overall energy supply in the country. It is situated near the town of Kalpakkam, which is on the southeastern coast of India.
Key Points: Kalpakkam Nuclear Power Plant-Tamil Nadu-nuclear energy contribution-coastal proximity
(3) Name the State where Tarapur Nuclear Power Plant is located.
Answer: The Tarapur Nuclear Power Plant is located in the state of Maharashtra, India. It is one of the first nuclear power plants established in the country and plays a significant role in India's energy production.
Key Points: Location: Maharashtra-Tarapur Nuclear Power Plant-Significance in energy production
(4) In which State Rajiv Gandhi International Airpot is located ?
Answer: Rajiv Gandhi International Airport is located in the state of Telangana, India. It is situated near the capital city of Hyderabad, which serves as a major hub for air travel in the southern region of the country. The airport plays a significant role in facilitating both domestic and international flights, contributing to the connectivity and economic growth of the region.
Key Points: Located in Telangana - Near Hyderabad city - Major hub for domestic and international flights - Contributes to regional connectivity and economy
Section B
Question 5.
[2 Marks]
Why did Mahatma Gandhi travel to Champaran in Bihar in 1917? Explain.
Answer: Mahatma Gandhi traveled to Champaran in 1917 at the request of a local peasant to address the oppressive indigo plantation system. The indigo farmers were forced to grow indigo under harsh conditions and were subjected to exploitative practices by the planters. Gandhi's visit marked the start of the Champaran movement, where he aimed to inspire the peasant community to fight for their rights, ensuring better treatment and the freedom to cultivate their chosen crops.
Question 6.
Explain the importance of National Highways in India.
[2 Marks]
Answer: National Highways are crucial for connecting different parts of India, significantly reducing travel time and distance between major cities. Managed by the National Highway Authority of India (NHAI), these highways facilitate efficient transportation and trade. The Golden Quadrilateral Super Highways project enhances connectivity between Delhi, Kolkata, Chennai, and Mumbai. Furthermore, these highways ensure that even remote villages are linked to major towns, promoting regional development and access to resources.
Question 7.
Classify industries on the basis of source of raw materials.
[2 Marks]
Answer: Industries can be classified based on the source of raw materials into two primary categories: agro-based and mineral-based. Agro-based industries rely on plant and animal products, such as textiles made from cotton or wool, and food processing units that produce edible oil and sugar. On the other hand, mineral-based industries utilize raw materials such as iron, steel, cement, and petrochemicals for manufacturing. This classification helps in understanding the nature of industries.
Question 8.
How is a one-party system different from a two-party system? Explain with examples.
[2 Marks]
Answer: A one-party system allows only one political party to hold power, as seen in China with the Communist Party. In contrast, a two-party system features two dominant parties competing for governance, such as the United States and the United Kingdom, where parties have a viable chance of forming a government. The one-party system restricts democratic freedoms, while the two-party system enables broader representation and competition in elections.
Question 9.
How do double coincidences of wants arise?
[2 Marks]
Answer: Double coincidence of wants occurs in a barter system when two parties each have what the other desires, allowing them to trade goods directly. This feature is essential in such systems as it eliminates the need for money. For example, if a farmer wants shoes and a shoemaker wants wheat, a double coincidence of wants arises when both parties agree to exchange their products. This necessity for mutual desire complicates trade significantly without money.
Section C
Question 10.
Why did Mahatma Gandhi decide to withdraw the Non-Cooperation Movement in February 1922? Explain.
[3 Marks]
Answer: Mahatma Gandhi decided to withdraw the Non-Cooperation Movement in February 1922 due to the increasing incidents of violence associated with it. He believed that the movement, which aimed for a non-violent struggle against British rule, was straying from its fundamental principles. Following violent clashes, including the Chauri Chaura incident where protesters retaliated with violence, Gandhi realized that proper training and discipline were needed for satyagrahis. His commitment to non-violence compelled him to halt the movement, as he did not want to lead the masses into violent actions.
Question 11.
How did the First World War create a new economic situation in India? Explain.
[3 Marks]
Answer: The First World War significantly transformed India's economic landscape. The war led to a surge in defense spending by the Government of India, forcing it to increase taxes on individual incomes and business profits. This heightened military expenditure created a demand for war supplies, resulting in a sharp rise in prices for industrial goods while causing a decline in imports. Consequently, as British mills focused on war production, Indian industries expanded rapidly, filling the void left by reduced imports. Indian business groups began to push for greater economic opportunities, recognizing the potential for development. Overall, the war catalyzed the growth of Indian industries and laid the groundwork for changes in the economy that continued in subsequent years.
Question 12.
Analyse the outcomes of democracies in terms of economic growth and development.
[3 Marks]
Answer: Democracies exhibit varied outcomes in economic growth and development. While they have the potential to promote equitable growth and reduce poverty, many fail to meet these expectations. Evidence suggests that while democracies like Denmark display impressive economic performance, others do not fulfill the promise of development. Economic growth in democracies can often coexist with increasing inequalities, leaving poorer sections without adequate opportunities. Hence, even with robust economic indicators, the challenge of wealth distribution remains significant, emphasizing that mere growth does not guarantee comprehensive development.
Question 13.
[3 Marks]
Explain the three important 'terms of credit '.
Answer: The three important terms of credit are the interest rate, collateral, and documentation requirements. Firstly, the interest rate is the fee borrowers pay to lenders for borrowing money, which can vary based on the lender's policies and the borrower's creditworthiness. Secondly, collateral refers to assets pledged by the borrower to secure a loan, ensuring repayment and reducing lender risk. Lastly, documentation requirements involve the essential paperwork that must be presented to the lender, which varies between formal and informal lending sources, affecting the ease of loan acquisition.
Section D
Question 14.
Examine any five major challenges faced by the political parties in India.
[5 Marks]
Answer: Political parties in India face several significant challenges that undermine their functionality and effectiveness in a democratic framework. Firstly, one of the most pressing issues is the lack of internal democracy within these parties. Many parties concentrate power in the hands of a few leaders, leading to authoritarian structures and neglect of grassroots participation. Secondly, there is widespread dissent regarding the representation of smaller parties and independent candidates, who struggle against the dominance of larger parties in electoral processes and resource allocation. Thirdly, the funding of political parties presents a challenge as reliance on undisclosed financial contributions can lead to corruption and other unethical practices. Fourthly, political parties often fail to maintain a consistent ideological stance, leading to voter confusion and apathy towards party politics. Lastly, the disconnect between party leaders and the public due to lack of accountability results in popular dissatisfaction. Reforming these aspects is essential for enhancing the democratic fabric of India and ensuring that political parties can effectively serve their intended purposes.
Question 15.
How are our markets transformed in recent years? Explain with examples.
[5 Marks]
Answer: In recent years, Indian markets have undergone significant transformations, influenced by globalization, technology advancements, and changing consumer preferences. One notable change is the emergence of shopping malls and multi-storeyed complexes that offer a diverse range of products under one roof, unlike the limited options available two decades ago. For instance, cities now boast modern malls with international brands, entertainment facilities, and food courts, attracting a younger demographic. Additionally, the rise of e-commerce has revolutionized how consumers shop, enabling them to access a wider variety of goods from the comfort of their homes. Mobile shopping apps and online marketplaces have made it easier for consumers to compare prices and find unique products. Furthermore, traditional markets have also adapted by incorporating digital payment systems and offering home delivery services. These changes have not only enhanced convenience for consumers but have also contributed to the growth of small businesses that leverage online platforms for reaching customers. Overall, the transformation of our markets reflects a shift towards a more diverse, consumer-oriented, and accessible shopping experience.
Question 16.
How do Multi National Corporations (MNCs) interlink production across countries? Explain with examples.
[5 Marks]
Answer: Multi-National Corporations (MNCs) interlink production across countries through several strategic methods aimed at optimizing their operations and minimizing costs. Firstly, MNCs establish production facilities in countries where skilled and unskilled labor is available at low prices, facilitating cost-effective production. For example, many garment companies have their production lines in countries like Bangladesh due to low labor costs. Additionally, MNCs often create partnerships with local companies to source raw materials and supplies, thus enhancing local economic participation while ensuring they have reliable production channels. For instance, an American technology firm might collaborate with a local manufacturer in India to produce components for its devices. Furthermore, MNCs may also exert influence by engaging in competition with local businesses or even acquiring them, which allows for smoother integration into the market. This interlinking of production not only enhances the efficiency of MNC operations but also creates a global supply chain that is responsive to market demands. Lastly, the use of call centers in nations like India for customer service illustrates how MNCs leverage geographical advantages to optimize their processes while maintaining quality service.
Question 17.
[5 Marks]
"Political Parties play an important role in democratic countries ". Justify the statement.
Answer: Political parties are essential for the functioning of democracies. They act as a bridge between the government and the citizens, enabling public participation in governance. By representing diverse views, parties ensure that various interests are articulated in policy-making. They play a crucial role in forming governments, where they support or oppose governmental actions, influence policy creation, and hold the government accountable. In democratic settings, political parties provide choice to voters during elections, fostering competition that enhances democratic values. Furthermore, parties facilitate political education, thereby encouraging informed participation. Their presence promotes stability and continuity in governance, which is vital for the progress of a nation. Thus, without political parties, the essence of democracy would be profoundly compromised.
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