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2025 BOARD EXAM

CBSE CLASS 12-HUMANITIES POLITICAL SCIENCE Board Paper 2025 — Set 2

2025

POLITICAL SCIENCE

CLASS 12-HUMANITIES

CBSE EXAMINATION SOLVED PAPER-2025 POLITICAL SCIENCE

CBSE EXAMINATION PAPER-2025

POLITICAL SCIENCE

(Solved)

Time allowed : 3 hours

Maximum Marks : 12

General Instructions :

Read the following instructions carefully and follow them :

  1. This question paper contains 11 questions. All questions are compulsory.
  2. This question paper is divided into 4 sections.
  3. Section A – questions number 1 to 1 are case based questions
  4. Section B – questions number 2 to 9 are multiple choice questions
  5. Section C – questions number 10 to 10 are short answer
  6. Section D – questions number 11 to 11 are long answer type i
  7. There is no overall choice given in the question paper. However, an internal choice has been provided in few questions.
  8. Use of calculator is NOT allowed.

Section A

Question 1. Study the given cartoon about USA's invasion on a Gulf country.

(1)

Which one of the following is the most important resource in global strategy?

A-Water

B-Oil

C-Land

D-Automobile

[1 Marks]
Answer: The most important resource in global strategy is Oil.
Key Points: Oil is a crucial resource for the global economy-Oil has been a major factor in strategic thinking and conflicts-Oil supplies influence government and business decisions-Oil was and continues to be key in geopolitical power and trade

(2)

What was the objective of the United States of America to attack the Gulf country?

A-To get control on the oil resources

B-to get the territory of a country

C-To establish its army headquarters

D-To stop USSR from entering this region

[1 Marks]
Answer: The objective of the United States to attack the Gulf country was to get control over the oil resources (Option A).
Key Points: Western strategic thinking focused on securing access to oil supplies-The Gulf region has vital oil resources-The US aimed to protect and control these oil supplies to maintain economic and strategic advantages-The cartoon symbolizes the connection between military action and economic interests in the Gulf

(3)

Which Gulf country was invaded by US America?

A-Iraq

B-Saudi Arabia

C-Kuwait

D-Iran

[1 Marks]
Answer: The Gulf country invaded by the United States of America was Iraq.
Key Points: The question asks about the Gulf country invaded by the USA-The cartoon shows references to the Iraq War-A large amount of money spent on the Iraq War is highlighted ($300 Billion Iraq War)-This indicates the invasion was related to Iraq-Therefore, the correct answer is Iraq.

(4)

Which of the following regions accounts for about 30% of global oil production?

A-Europe

B-China

C-Gulf Region

D-Japan

[1 Marks]
Answer: The Gulf Region accounts for about 30% of global oil production.
Key Points: Gulf region in West Asia accounts for about 30% of global oil production-Saudi Arabia and Iraq hold large oil reserves-Europe accounts for about 17% which is less than the Gulf region-China and Japan have very small shares compared to the Gulf region

Section B

Question 2. Given below are two statements: Statement-I: There were sections of Soviet society which felt that Gorbachev should have moved much faster and were disappointed and impatient with his methods. Statement-II: Communist Party and those who were served by the system felt that their power and privileges were eroding and Gorbachev was moving too quickly.
[1 Marks]
  • (A) Both Statement-I and Statement-II are true.
  • (B) Both Statement-I and Statement-II are false.
  • (C) Statement-I is true, but Statement-II is false.
  • (D) Statement-I is false, but Statement-II is true.
Explanation: Both Statement-I and Statement-II are true. Some parts of Soviet society wanted faster reforms and were unhappy with Gorbachev's slow pace, while the Communist Party members and those benefiting from the old system felt their privileges were threatened and thought reforms were too fast. Thus, Gorbachev's actions caused division with people on both sides feeling dissatisfied.
Question 3. Which leader played an important role in the disintegration and coup against the Soviet Union?
[1 Marks]
  • (A) Nikita Khrushchev
  • (B) Boris Yeltsin
  • (C) Joseph Stalin
  • (D) John F. Kennedy
Explanation: The correct answer is Boris Yeltsin. According to the context, Boris Yeltsin emerged as a national hero in opposing the abortive coup staged by Communist Party hardliners against Gorbachev in August 1991. He became the President of Russia and played a key role in the disintegration of the Soviet Union by shaking off centralized control.
Question 4.

On which one of the following basis was emergency declared in 1975
[1 Marks]
  • (A) External Aggression
  • (B) Internal disturbances
  • (C) External threat
  • (D) Armed rebellion
Explanation: The Emergency declared in 1975 was based on the threat of internal disturbances. The government invoked Article 352 of the Constitution citing internal disturbances as the reason to declare Emergency, rather than external threat or aggression. Although normally Emergency is associated with war or external aggression, in 1975 it was imposed due to perceived internal disturbances within the country.
Question 5. Choose the correct statement about India's nuclear policy from the statements given below:
[1 Marks]
  • (A) India was in support of the NPT.
  • (B) India's nuclear programme was started in 1952 under the guidance of Homi J. Bhabha.
  • (C) Now India has made it clear that the policy of 'no first use' can be reviewed.
  • (D) India was not against nuclear weapons.
Explanation: The correct statement is 'India's nuclear programme was started in 1952 under the guidance of Homi J. Bhabha.' This is true as Homi J. Bhabha is known as the father of the Indian nuclear programme, which began around that time. Other options are incorrect based on the context: India was against nuclear weapons and opposed discriminatory treaties like the NPT (Nuclear Non-Proliferation Treaty), which it refused to sign. Also, India has maintained a 'no first use' nuclear policy, and there is no clear indication that it has been reviewed.
Question 6.

Which Political party won 16 Lok Sabha seats and was at second place in the first general elections of India?
[1 Marks]
  • (A) Swatantra Party
  • (B) Socialist Party
  • (C) Communist Party of India
  • (D) Bharatiya Janata Party
Explanation: The Communist Party of India (CPI) won 16 Lok Sabha seats and was the party that came next in terms of seats after the Indian National Congress in the first general elections of India. The context states that while the Socialist Party had a significant share of votes, it secured less than 3% of the seats, and the CPI came next with 16 seats, making it the second largest party in terms of seats.
Question 7.

Arrange the following in chronological order of their happening . (i) India-China War (ii) India's first test of a nuclear device (iii)Terrorists attack on world Trade Centre in America (iv) The Anti - Ballistic Missile Treaty
  • (A) (ii), (iv), (iii), (i)
  • (B) (iv), (i), (iii), (ii)
  • (C) (i), (iv), (ii), (iii)
  • (D) (i), (ii), (iii), (iv)
Explanation:

The correct chronological order is (i), (iv), (ii), (iii). The India-China War happened in 1962. India first tested a nuclear device in 1974. The Anti-Ballistic Missile Treaty (ABM Treaty) was signed between the US and the USSR in 1972. The terrorist attack on the World Trade Centre in America happened in 2001. Therefore, the correct order is India-China War (1962), India's first nuclear test (1974), The Anti-Ballistic Missile Treaty (1972) actually happened before the nuclear test, so the exact order is: (i) India-China War (1962), (iv) The Anti-Ballistic Missile Treaty (1972), (ii) India's first test of a nuclear device (1974), (iii) Terrorist attack on World Trade Centre (2001).

Question 8.

Which one among the following agreements was to cut the green house gas emission?
[1 Marks]
  • (A) Antarctic Treaty
  • (B) Kyoto Protocol
  • (C) Montreal Protocol
  • (D) Antarcti Environmental Protocol
Explanation:

The correct answer is Kyoto Protocol. The Kyoto Protocol is an international agreement that sets targets for industrialized countries to reduce their greenhouse gas emissions such as Carbon dioxide and Methane, which are responsible for global warming. Other agreements like the Antarctic Treaty, Antarctic Environmental Protocol, and Montreal Protocol address different environmental issues but not specifically greenhouse gas emissions.

Question 9. Agenda-21 contains a list of _____________.
  • (A) development practices
  • (B) global commons
  • (C) developed countries
  • (D) polluting Practices
Explanation: Agenda 21, produced at the Rio Summit, is a list of development practices aimed at sustainable development. It focuses on recommending methods and strategies for development that consider ecological conservation and sustainability, rather than just economic growth. Therefore, the correct option is 'development practices.'

Section C

Question 10.

State any two methods of Traditional Security
[2 Marks]
Answer: Traditional security primarily focuses on protecting the state from external and internal threats through the use or threat of military force. Two common methods of traditional security include military defense and strategic alliances. Military defense involves building a strong armed force to deter attacks and defend the country’s sovereignty and territorial integrity. Strategic alliances are agreements between countries to support each other in case of aggression, enhancing collective security. Both methods prioritize the state as the referent object of security and emphasize maintaining peace and order within borders to face external threats effectively.

Section D

Question 11.

Analyse any four reasons for the split in the Congress Party in 1969.
[4 Marks]
Answer:

The split in the Congress Party in 1969 was a significant event in Indian political history. Four main reasons contributed to this split. Firstly, there was a growing ideological difference between Indira Gandhi and the old Congress leaders, known as the 'Syndicate.' The Syndicate represented conservative, pro-rich interests, while Indira Gandhi wanted to project a pro-poor, socialist agenda. Secondly, power struggle within the party intensified as Indira Gandhi wanted more control and independence in decision-making, which the Syndicate opposed.

Thirdly, the conflict over the Presidential election of 1969 was a major trigger. The Syndicate supported a candidate opposed by Indira Gandhi who instead backed V.V. Giri as an independent candidate. The official Congress candidate's defeat weakened the Syndicate. Fourthly, the ideological division was projected by Indira Gandhi as a fight between socialists and conservatives, which attracted common people and weakened the old leadership.

Consequently, the party split into Congress (O) led by the Syndicate and Congress (R) led by Indira Gandhi. This division changed the power dynamics within Indian politics and marked a shift towards a more populist and socialist direction under Indira Gandhi's leadership.

Paper Details

CBSE Board Exam 2025

Class

CLASS 12-HUMANITIES

Subject

POLITICAL SCIENCE

Year

2025

Set

Set 2

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