SOLUTIONS
2022 BOARD EXAM
CBSE CLASS 12-HUMANITIES HISTORY Board Paper 2022 — Set 3
2022
HISTORY
CLASS 12-HUMANITIES
CBSE EXAMINATION PAPER-2022
HISTORY
(Solved)
General Instructions :
Read the following instructions carefully and follow them :
- This question paper contains 10 questions. All questions are compulsory.
- This question paper is divided into 3 sections.
- Section A – questions number 1 to 3 are case based questions
- Section B – questions number 4 to 7 are short answer
- Section C – questions number 8 to 10 are long answer
- There is no overall choice given in the question paper. However, an internal choice has been provided in few questions.
- Use of calculator is NOT allowed.
Section A
Question 1.
Read the following source carefully and answer the questions that follow:
The accessible emperor
In the account of his experiences, Monserrate, who was a member of first Jesuit Mission, says: It is hard to exaggerate how accessible he (Akbar) makes himself to all wish audience of him. For he creates an opportunity almost every day any of the common people or of the nobles to see him and to converse w him; and he endeavours to show himself pleasant - spoken and affa rather than severe towards all who come to speak with him. It is v remarkable how great an effect this courtesy and affability has in attach him to the minds of his subjects.
(1) Examine the impact of Akbar’s accessibility on the minds of his subjects.
Answer: Akbar's accessibility had a profound impact on his subjects, fostering loyalty and affection towards him. By allowing common people and nobles to have direct access to him, he was able to create a sense of belonging among his subjects. This approach broke down social barriers, as anyone could express their concerns and aspirations directly to the emperor. His courteous demeanor and pleasant communication further enhanced his image as a benevolent ruler, solidifying his authority. The connection he established through personal interaction led to a more cohesive society, where the subjects felt valued and respected. Consequently, Akbar's efforts to be accessible not only cultivated goodwill but also contributed to the stability and unity of his vast empire during a time of diverse customs and practices.
Key Points: Accessibility to common people and nobles - Encouraged direct communication - Fostered loyalty and affection - Broke down social barriers - Image of a benevolent ruler - Created a cohesive society - Contributed to stability and unity
(2) Why did Akbar invite Jesuit Mission to his court ?
Answer: Akbar invited the Jesuit Mission to his court for several reasons. Firstly, he aimed to acquire knowledge and insights into different cultures and religions, which was essential for administering his vast and diverse empire. By engaging with the Jesuits, who were well-versed in various subjects, he sought to gain a better understanding of the Christian faith and its followers. Additionally, the Jesuits could provide valuable information about the European world, contributing to Akbar's broader vision for a harmonious and well-informed empire. Moreover, by being accessible and friendly to the Jesuit representatives, Akbar demonstrated his commitment to religious tolerance and dialogue, which helped strengthen his political power by creating an image of a benevolent ruler. This openness was crucial in fostering loyalty among his subjects, both common people and the nobility, and enhancing the overall cohesion within his empire.
Key Points: Desire for knowledge, understanding diverse cultures, fostering religious dialogue, showcasing benevolence, strengthening political power, promoting social harmony
(3) How did Akbar use to facilitate meetings for those who wanted to call on him ?
Answer: Akbar made himself highly accessible to his subjects by creating regular opportunities for them to meet him. He endeavored to meet both common people and nobles almost every day, allowing them to converse with him directly. His approach was characterized by courtesy and affability, which endeared him to his subjects and made them feel valued. This personal interaction not only strengthened his connection with the populace but also contributed to a sense of loyalty and attachment towards him as their emperor. By being approachable and pleasant in his demeanor, Akbar fostered an inclusive atmosphere that encouraged open dialogue between the ruler and his subjects.
Key Points: Accessibility to common people and nobles-Encouragement of interaction-Courtesy and affability-Strengthened loyalty and attachment
Question 2.
Read the following source carefully and answer the questions that follow:
"There cannot be any divided loyalty"
Gobind Ballabh Pant argued that in order to become loyal citizens peop had to stop focusing only on the community and the self : For the success of democracy one must train himself in the art of se discipline. In democracies one should care less for himself and more others. There cannot be any divided loyalty. All loyalties must exclusively centered round the State. If in a democracy, you create rival loyalties, or y create a system in which any individual or group, instead of suppressing extravagance, cares nought for larger or other interests, then democrac doomed.
(1) Examine the concern of Gobind Ballabh Pant for a Unified Nation.
Answer: Gobind Ballabh Pant emphasized the necessity for a unified nation, arguing that individual and community loyalties must be subordinated to the loyalty towards the State. He warned against divided loyalties, stating that a true democracy requires citizens to focus less on personal or community interests and more on the collective good. Pant believed that treating all citizens as equal, regardless of their community, was critical for fostering unity. He argued that without a common identity as citizens, communities risked isolation and divisiveness, which could threaten democracy. Instead of separate electorates that might further fragment society, Pant advocated for inclusive policies that would ensure the rights and aspirations of minorities were respected, thus creating a harmonious and unified national identity. His vision was clear: to build a functioning democracy, one must prioritize the welfare of the state and all its citizens over distinct community affiliations.
Key Points: Unified loyalty must center around the State-Equal treatment of all communities-Discouragement of separate electorates-Promoting collective good over individual interests
(2) Why was loyalty considered as an important attribute of social pyramid ?
Answer: Loyalty is regarded as an essential attribute of the social pyramid because it fosters unity and stability within a democracy. Gobind Ballabh Pant emphasized that for a democratic society to thrive, individuals must prioritize their allegiance to the State over community or personal interests. By ensuring that all loyalties are directed towards the State, citizens act as equals, preventing divided loyalties that could threaten the harmony and functionality of the society. This collective loyalty cultivates a sense of responsibility towards the common good, strengthening the democratic framework and ensuring that the voices of all communities are heard and respected, especially minorities. Ultimately, loyalty facilitates cooperation and a shared vision that is crucial for democratic success.
Key Points: Loyalty fosters unity; priority of allegiance to the State; prevents divided loyalties; enhances democratic stability; collective responsibility for common good; respect for all communities
(3) Analyse the aspects considered significant for the success of democracy.
Answer: The success of democracy, as discussed by Govind Ballabh Pant, hinges on several key aspects. Firstly, the idea of loyalty is paramount; individuals must prioritize their allegiance to the State over any community-based or personal interests to maintain societal harmony and unity. Secondly, self-discipline plays a crucial role; citizens need to be selfless, focusing on the welfare of others rather than merely individual gains. This collective approach fosters a spirit of cooperation and strengthens democratic ideals. Furthermore, Pant emphasizes that divided loyalties can threaten democracy; thus, all citizens should regard themselves primarily as members of the State. He also advocates for inclusivity, where every community member is treated equally and their unique aspirations understood, promoting respect and empathy. Ultimately, a commitment to these principles ensures a robust and enduring democratic society.
Key Points: Loyalty to the State-Importance of self-discipline-Need for unity among diverse communities
Question 3.
On the given political outline map of India, locate and label any one of the following with appropriate symbol .
(1) The place where mutiny started in 1857.
Answer: The place where the mutiny started in 1857 is Meerut. It is located in the northern part of India, in the state of Uttar Pradesh. During the rebellion, Meerut was one of the first locations where the sepoys revolted against British rule. The uprising began on May 10, 1857, when soldiers in the 3rd Light Cavalry refused to use the new cartridges that were rumored to be greased with cow and pig fat, which offended both Hindu and Muslim soldiers. This act of defiance marked the start of a widespread revolt against British authority, eventually leading to a series of conflicts across North India.
Key Points: Location: Meerut; State: Uttar Pradesh; Date of revolt: May 10, 1857; Significance: Start of the 1857 uprising; Public support: Widespread participation against British rule.
(2) The place where Gandhiji broke the Salt law.
Answer: The place where Gandhiji broke the Salt law is Dandi, located on the coastline of Gujarat. On April 6, 1930, he and his followers marched to the sea to collect salt in a peaceful protest against the British salt monopoly. This act of defiance is known as the Dandi March, which became a pivotal event in the Indian independence movement. When marking Dandi on the map, a simple dot or triangle can be used to indicate its significance.
Key Points: Dandi-location-importance of salt protest
(3) On the same outline map of India, a place related to Capital city of the Mughal Empire has been marked as A. Identify it and write its name on the line drawn near it.
Answer: The place marked as A on the outline map of India is Agra. Agra was one of the prominent capitals of the Mughal Empire, particularly known for the construction of the iconic Taj Mahal and as the capital during the reign of Emperor Akbar. It is located in the northern part of India, in the state of Uttar Pradesh.
Key Points: Agra - Capital of Mughal Empire - Notable for Taj Mahal - Located in Uttar Pradesh
(4) Name the place from where mutiny started on 10th May,1857.
Answer: The mutiny that took place on 10th May 1857 began in the cantonment of Meerut. This was a significant event in Indian history as it marked the start of widespread resistance against British rule, with the sepoys in Meerut initiating the rebellion that later spread to various parts of India.
Key Points: Meerut-start of mutiny-10th May 1857
(5) Name the place where Gandhiji broke the Salt law.
Answer: The place where Gandhiji broke the Salt law is Dandi. On April 5, 1930, Gandhiji led the Salt March to the coastal village of Dandi, where he and his followers collected natural salt from the sea, symbolically defying British law that imposed a salt tax. This act was a pivotal moment in India's struggle for independence, showcasing Gandhiji's strategy of non-violent resistance against oppressive colonial regulations.
Key Points: Gandhiji's Salt March-Dandi date (April 5, 1930)-breaking the salt law-symbol of non-violent protest
(6) Name any one Capital city of Mughal Empire.
Answer: One notable capital city of the Mughal Empire is Agra. It served as the capital during the reign of Emperor Akbar and was an important cultural and political center, known for its architectural masterpieces such as the Agra Fort and the Taj Mahal.
Key Points: Agra - Capital during Akbar's reign - Cultural and political center - Notable landmarks like Agra Fort and Taj Mahal
Section B
Question 4.
Why was the ‘Objective Resolution’ introduced in the Constituent Assembly considered as a Momentous Resolution? Explain.
[3 Marks]
Answer: The ‘Objective Resolution’ introduced by Jawaharlal Nehru on December 13, 1946, is considered a momentous resolution because it laid the foundational ideals of the Indian Constitution. It articulated the vision for a free, democratic, and sovereign nation. The Resolution emphasized justice, liberty, equality, and fraternity as guiding principles, addressing the aspirations of various communities. Moreover, it united members of the diverse Constituent Assembly by providing a framework for debate, guiding the subsequent discussions and decisions, and reflecting the collective commitment to a pluralistic India. This document served as the bedrock for constitutional provisions, making it a significant precursor to the final Constitution adopted in 1950.
Question 5.
Examine the economic conditions of the Paharias after the settlement of Santhals in the Rajmahal hills.
[3 Marks]
Answer: The Paharias faced significant economic challenges following the settlement of the Santhals in the Rajmahal hills. As the Santhals cleared forests and cultivated the land, the Paharias, who traditionally practiced shifting cultivation, were forced to retreat deeper into the hills. The Santhals' use of the plough contrasted starkly with the Paharias' hoe, leading to a transformation of the local economy. The encroachment of agriculture impacted the Paharias' resources and livelihoods, as their land for cultivation reduced, and they resisted the agricultural changes brought by settlers. Subsequently, their economic autonomy was diminished, leading them to face difficulties in sustaining their traditional way of life.
Question 6.
The similarities in the pattern of revolt of 1857 in different places lay partly in their planning and coordination. Explain the statement.
[3 Marks]
Answer: The revolt of 1857 showcased significant similarities across different regions in India, largely due to strategic planning and coordination among the sepoys and other local leaders. Communication lines between various cantonments, notably when the 7th Awadh Irregular Cavalry reached out to the 48th Native Infantry, highlight how shared grievances against the British system fueled collective action. This interlinking of mutinies facilitated the spread of ideas and encouraged collaboration, enabling a more unified resistance. Moreover, the conspiratorial nature of planning suggests involvement from various ranks, leveraging local knowledge and popular dissatisfaction against British oppression. Artistic representations, literature, and historical narratives further galvanized patriotic sentiments, showcasing the uprising as a collective struggle for independence. Ultimately, the revolt was not merely a series of isolated incidents but a concerted effort reflecting shared aspirations for autonomy and dignity.
Question 7.
[3 Marks]
Describe the importance of the writings and policies of Gandhi and the British authorities imply a common approach towards India's national movement? Explain.
Answer: The writings and policies of Mahatma Gandhi, alongside those of the British authorities, played a pivotal role in shaping India's national movement. Gandhi's advocacy for non-violent resistance and civil disobedience emerged as a unifying mantra for Indians seeking freedom from colonial rule. His strategies, particularly during the Rowlatt Satyagraha and the Non-cooperation Movement, galvanized masses and showcased organized, collective action. Conversely, the British response, often met with repression, inadvertently fueled the resolve of Indians. Newspapers significantly contributed to this dynamic, spreading Gandhi's ideas and reflecting public sentiment. Both influences created a symbiotic relationship that advanced the struggle for independence.
Section C
Question 8.
[6 Marks]
Describe the causes and significance of Salt Satyagraha launched by Gandhiji.
Answer: The Salt Satyagraha, initiated by Mahatma Gandhi in 1930, was a pivotal movement against British colonial rule in India. The primary cause for this satyagraha was the British monopoly on salt production and sales. This law subjected Indians to pay high prices for salt, a basic necessity in every household, thereby evoking widespread resentment. Gandhi aimed to challenge this monopoly to unify the masses against colonial oppression. The march from Sabarmati to Dandi symbolized not just a protest against salt laws but also the broader struggle for Indian independence. Its significance lay in its ability to mobilize a diverse cross-section of society, fostering national consciousness and unity among Indians. The Salt Satyagraha demonstrated the power of non-violent resistance, showcased Gandhi's leadership, and prepared the ground for subsequent mass movements. This act of defiance resonated globally, inspiring other movements for justice and freedom.
Question 9.
[6 Marks]
“The process of manuscript production in the Mughal Court involved a number of people performing a variety of tasks.” Support the statement with examples.
Answer: The process of manuscript production in the Mughal Court was a collaborative and intricate task that involved various skilled individuals, each contributing their expertise. Firstly, the scribes, trained in Arabic, Persian, and local languages, meticulously copied texts, ensuring accuracy and preserving language integrity. Secondly, calligraphers, known for their artistic flair, embellished these manuscripts with beautiful handwriting and decorative elements, enhancing their overall aesthetic appeal. Painters brought the manuscripts to life through vibrant illustrations, depicting historical events, court life, or religious themes, which were central to Mughal culture. Furthermore, architects designed the layouts of the manuscripts, ensuring that text and art blended harmoniously. This complex interplay of roles highlighted the value placed on literature and art in Mughal society. The production of texts like the 'Ain-i-Akbari', revised multiple times to ensure authenticity, underscores the meticulous care involved in manuscript creation. Overall, each individual's contribution was crucial in creating a manuscript that was not only a textual record but also a work of art, showcasing the cultural and intellectual richness of the Mughal Empire.
Question 10.
[6 Marks]
“Chronicles commissioned by Mughal Emperors are the important sources for studying the empire and its court.” Explain the statement with examples.
Answer: Chronicles commissioned by Mughal Emperors serve as pivotal sources that enrich our understanding of the empire and its court dynamics. The Ain-i Akbari, written by Abu’l Fazl during Akbar’s reign, is exemplary of this. It meticulously details the revenue system, agricultural practices, and societal structures within the empire, offering insights into state administration and the relationship with zamindars. Additionally, accounts like Bernier’s Travels provide a comparative perspective of Mughal India and contemporary Europe, highlighting cultural and administrative attributes. Such chronicles not only document the operational mechanisms of the empire but also reflect the cultural and religious diversity, thereby painting a comprehensive picture of Mughal governance. Through these records, historians can reconstruct the intricate workings of Mughal society, revealing its successes and challenges.
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