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previous-year-question-paper-2022-set-3

SOLUTIONS

2022 BOARD EXAM

CBSE CLASS 10 SCIENCE Board Paper 2022 — Set 3

2022

SCIENCE

CLASS 10

CBSE EXAMINATION SOLVED PAPER-2022 SCIENCE

CBSE EXAMINATION PAPER-2022

SCIENCE

(Solved)

Time allowed : 3 hours

Maximum Marks : 30

General Instructions :

Read the following instructions carefully and follow them :

  1. This question paper contains 15 questions. All questions are compulsory.
  2. This question paper is divided into 3 sections.
  3. Section A – questions number 1 to 2 are case based questions
  4. Section B – questions number 3 to 11 are very short answer
  5. Section C – questions number 12 to 15 are short answer
  6. There is no overall choice given in the question paper. However, an internal choice has been provided in few questions.
  7. Use of calculator is NOT allowed.

Section A

Question 1. Study the following electric circuit in which the resistors are arranged in three arms A, B and C:

(1) Find the equivalent resistance of arm A.

[1 Marks]
Answer: The equivalent resistance of arm A, which consists of resistors R1 and R2 in parallel, can be calculated using the formula 1/R' = 1/R1 + 1/R2. Substituting the values, we have 1/R' = 1/10 + 1/40. After calculating, R' equals 8 Ω.
Key Points: Calculate equivalent resistance using parallel formula-Substitute given resistor values-Simplify to find final resistance

(2) Determine the current that flows through the ammeter.

[2 Marks]
Answer: To determine the current flowing through the ammeter, we first apply Ohm's Law. Given the resistors R1, R2, and R3 with values 5 Ω, 10 Ω, and 30 Ω respectively, connected across a 12 V battery, we calculate the current through each resistor. For R1, I1 = V/R1 = 12 V / 5 Ω = 2.4 A; for R2, I2 = 12 V / 10 Ω = 1.2 A; and for R3, I3 = 12 V / 30 Ω = 0.4 A. The total current in the circuit is the sum of these currents, I = I1 + I2 + I3 = 2.4 A + 1.2 A + 0.4 A = 4 A. Therefore, the current flowing through the ammeter is 4 A.
Key Points: Apply Ohm's Law; Calculate individual currents through R1, R2, R3; Sum of individual currents gives total current

(3) Calculate the equivalent resistance of the parallel combination of the arms B and C.

[1 Marks]
Answer: The equivalent resistance of the parallel combination of arms B and C can be calculated using the formula for resistors in parallel. If the resistances of B and C are R2 and R3 respectively, then the equivalent resistance, Rp, is given by 1/Rp = 1/R2 + 1/R3. After substituting the values, for example, if R2 = 10 Ω and R3 = 20 Ω, we have 1/Rp = 1/10 + 1/20 = 3/20, leading to Rp = 20/3 Ω or approximately 6.67 Ω.
Key Points: Use the formula for parallel resistors; Substitute values for R2 and R3; Calculate equivalent resistance Rp.

(4)

Determine the current that flows in the ammeter when the arm B is withdrawn from the circuit.

[2 Marks]
Answer: When arm B is withdrawn from the circuit, the resistors A and C remain connected in series. The total resistance of the circuit can be recalculated using the resistances of arms A and C. If we assume arm A has a resistance of 5 Ω and arm C has a resistance of 30 Ω, the total resistance of the circuit, R = R_A + R_C = 5 Ω + 30 Ω = 35 Ω. Given a voltage of 12 V across the circuit, applying Ohm's Law (I = V/R), we find that the current I = 12 V / 35 Ω = 0.34 A. Therefore, 0.34 A flows through the ammeter when arm B is withdrawn.
Key Points: 1. Identify the resistances of arms A and C. 2. Calculate total resistance when arm B is withdrawn. 3. Apply Ohm's Law to find the current.
Question 2.

The modes by which various organisms reproduce depend on the body design of the organisms. In asexual reproduction , a single individual parent produces offsprings without the involvement of gametes. This method is a common means of increasing the offsprings rapidly under favorable conditions. Asexual reproduction occurs mostly in unicellular organisms, some plants and certain simple multicellular animals.

(1)

State the name of the organism in which binary fission takes place in a definite orientation. Also name the disease caused by this organism.

[1 Marks]
Answer: The organism in which binary fission takes place in a definite orientation is 'Euglena'. The disease caused by this organism is 'Euglena-associated infections'.
Key Points: Euglena-binary fission-disease

(2)

List any two advantages of producing plants through vegetative propagation.

[1 Marks]
Answer: Two advantages of producing plants through vegetative propagation are: 1. They take less time to grow and bear flowers and fruits earlier than those produced from seeds. 2. The new plants are exact copies of the parent plant, ensuring that desired traits are maintained.
Key Points: Faster growth and flowering-Exact copies of parent

(3)

Explain the process of budding in Hydra.

[2 Marks]
Answer: Budding in Hydra is a form of asexual reproduction where new individuals develop from outgrowths called buds. These buds form on the body of the parent hydra and grow as small bulges. As the buds mature, they develop tissues and eventually detach from the parent hydra to become independent organisms. This process allows Hydra to rapidly increase their population under favorable conditions.
Key Points: Budding is asexual reproduction- New individuals develop from buds- Buds form on the parent hydra- Buds detach to become independent

(4)

What happens when

(i) a spirogyra filament matures and attains a considerable length, and

(ii) a spirogyra in Rhizopus bursts on maturation ?

[2 Marks]
Answer: When a spirogyra filament matures and attains a considerable length, it typically reproduces asexually by fragmentation, leading to the formation of new filaments. In contrast, when a spirogyra in Rhizopus bursts upon maturation, it releases spores that can germinate and grow into new individuals under favorable conditions.
Key Points: Spirogyra filament matures; undergoes asexual reproduction by fragmentation - New filaments formed; Spirogyra in Rhizopus bursts - Releases spores for new growth

Section B

Question 3.

Kulhads (disposable cups made of clay) and disposable paper cups both are used as an alternative for disposable plastic cups. Which one of these two can be considered as a better alternative to plastic cups and why ?

[2 Marks]
Answer: Kulhads, made from clay, can be considered a better alternative to disposable paper cups. They are biodegradable and do not cause long-term environmental harm like plastic. Additionally, kulhads have natural insulating properties that keep beverages cooler. Unlike paper cups, which may require trees for production and can add to waste if not recycled correctly, kulhads utilize locally sourced natural materials and are entirely eco-friendly. This makes them a sustainable choice overall.
Question 4.

Human beings are most adversely affected by the Biological Magnification. State the reason. Why can ordinary washing of the edibles (fruits and vegetables) not reduce the effect of biological magnification ?

[2 Marks]
Answer: Human beings are adversely affected by biological magnification because they occupy the top trophic level in the food chain, leading to higher accumulation of harmful chemicals. These chemicals enter the food chain through pesticides and pollutants, accumulating in plants, animals, and ultimately humans. Ordinary washing of fruits and vegetables cannot eliminate these substances, as they are often taken up by the plants directly from the soil and water, making them integrated into the plant tissue.
Question 5.

Draw the electron dot structure of the following:

(a) Cyclohexane

(b) Butane

[2 Marks]
Answer: (a) The electron dot structure of cyclohexane, C6H12, shows six carbon atoms arranged in a ring, each carbon bonded to two neighboring carbons and two hydrogens. Each bond is represented by a pair of dots indicating shared electron pairs. (b) For butane, C4H10, the electron dot structure is a straight chain of four carbon atoms, each bonded to neighboring carbons with single bonds, and remaining valencies satisfied by hydrogen atoms. Each bond is shown as a pair of dots representing two shared electrons.
Question 6.

State the criteria used by Mendeleev for creating his Periodic Table. Compare the position of isotopes of elements in the Mendeleev's Periodic Table and in the Modern Periodic Table.

[2 Marks]
Answer: Mendeleev's criteria for creating the Periodic Table included the arrangement of elements based on increasing atomic mass and grouping them by similar chemical properties. He left gaps for undetected elements. In comparison, isotopes, which are variants of elements with the same atomic number but different masses, were not specifically positioned in Mendeleev's table. In the Modern Periodic Table, isotopes are not directly separated but are incorporated based on their atomic number, enhancing clarity in atomic structure.
Question 7.

An electric heater rated 1100 W operates at 220 V. Calculate

(i) its resistance, and (ii) the current drawn by it.

[2 Marks]
Answer: To calculate the resistance of the electric heater, we can use the formula R = V²/P, where V is the voltage (220 V) and P is the power (1100 W). Thus, R = (220 V)² / 1100 W = 44 Ω. The current drawn by the heater can be calculated using I = P/V. Therefore, I = 1100 W / 220 V = 5 A.
Question 8.

Calculate the equivalent resistance of the following electric circuit:

[2 Marks]
Answer: Solution:
To find the equivalent resistance, first calculate the combined resistance of R1 and R2 which are in parallel using the formula 1/R_{12} = 1/R_1 + 1/R_2.
Next, calculate the combined resistance of R3, R4, and R5 which are also in parallel: 1/R_{345} = 1/R_3 + 1/R_4 + 1/R_5.
Finally, since R_{12} and R_{345} are in series, add their resistance values: R_{total} = R_{12} + R_{345}. This gives the equivalent resistance of the entire circuit.
Question 9.

Suggest any two contraceptive methods to control the size of human population and explain them.

[2 Marks]
Answer: Two effective contraceptive methods are condoms and hormonal pills. Condoms create a mechanical barrier which prevents sperm from reaching the egg, reducing the chance of pregnancy and also preventing sexually transmitted infections. Hormonal pills, on the other hand, alter the body’s hormonal balance to prevent ovulation, meaning no eggs are released for fertilization. Both methods play a crucial role in family planning and controlling population growth.
Question 10.

Justify the statement "Sex of the children will be determined by what they inherit from their father".

[2 Marks]
Answer: The sex of a child depends on the chromosomes inherited from the parents. Women have two X chromosomes (XX), and men have one X and one Y chromosome (XY). The mother always passes an X chromosome to the child. The father can pass either an X or a Y chromosome. If the father passes an X chromosome, the child will be a girl (XX). If the father passes a Y chromosome, the child will be a boy (XY). Therefore, the father's chromosome determines the sex of the child.
Question 11.

Name the part/organ of the human female reproductive system

(a) where contraceptive devices such as loop or copper-T are placed to prevent pregnancy.

(b) which is blocked to prevent the transfer of eggs.

(c) where formation of green cells as ova takes place.

(d) from where the embryo gets nutrition from the mother's blood.

[2 Marks]
Answer: (a) The uterus is where contraceptive devices like the loop or copper-T are placed to prevent pregnancy. (b) The fallopian tubes can be blocked to prevent the transfer of eggs. (c) The ovaries are responsible for the formation of ova. (d) The placenta is where the embryo gets nutrition from the mother's blood.

Section C

Question 12.

What are human-made ecosystems ? Give an example. Can a human-made ecosystem become a self-sustaining ecosystem ? Give reason to justify your answer.

[3 Marks]
Answer: Human-made ecosystems, also known as artificial ecosystems, are created and maintained by human activities. Examples include gardens, crop-fields, and aquariums. These ecosystems mimic natural environments but are designed for specific purposes. For instance, an aquarium can include aquatic plants and animals, providing a controlled habitat. A human-made ecosystem can become self-sustaining if the right components are included, such as a balanced food chain and proper abiotic factors like water and oxygen. This self-sustainability occurs as interactions among flora and fauna create a balance, reducing the need for continuous human intervention.
Question 13.

State the reason why

(i) carbon compounds have low melting and boiling points.

(ii) carbon compounds do not conduct electricity.

(iii) carbon can form only covalent compounds.

[3 Marks]
Answer: Carbon compounds have low melting and boiling points primarily due to the weak intermolecular forces between molecules. Unlike ionic compounds, which possess strong ionic bonds that require significant energy to break, carbon compounds' covalent bonds are strong within the molecule but the interactions between the molecules themselves are weak. This leads to lower melting and boiling points. Furthermore, carbon compounds typically do not conduct electricity because they do not contain freely moving charged particles like ions; instead, the shared electrons exist in covalent bonds without forming ions. Finally, carbon can only form covalent compounds because it has four valence electrons, allowing it to form stable covalent bonds with other nonmetals.
Question 14.

What is a homologous series ? Find the difference in molecular mass between the two consecutive members of a homologous series. State how in a homologous series of carbon compounds the following properties vary with increase in molecular mass:

(i) Melting and boiling points

(ii) Chemical properties

[3 Marks]
Answer: Definition: A homologous series is a group of compounds having the same functional group and similar chemical properties, where each successive member differs by a CH2 unit.
Difference in molecular mass: The difference between two consecutive members of a homologous series is the molecular mass of one CH2 group, which is (12 u for C + 2*1 u for H) = 14 u.
(i) Variation in melting and boiling points: As molecular mass increases in a homologous series, the melting and boiling points increase due to stronger van der Waals forces.
(ii) Variation in chemical properties: Chemical properties remain similar in the series since they depend on the functional group which remains the same.
Thus, homologous series show a gradual change in physical properties but similar chemical properties.
Question 15.

How do Mendel's experiments show that the traits are inherited independently ? Explain.

[3 Marks]
Answer: Mendel's experiments and independent inheritance of traits:
Mendel performed dihybrid crosses where he studied two traits at the same time, like seed shape (round or wrinkled) and seed colour (yellow or green) in pea plants. He crossed plants heterozygous for both traits and observed the offspring.
He found that traits were inherited independently, shown by the 9:3:3:1 ratio in the F2 generation. This means the alleles for one trait separate independently of the alleles for another trait during gamete formation.
This principle is called the Law of Independent Assortment.
It shows that the inheritance of one trait does not affect the inheritance of another, so traits are inherited independently.

Paper Details

CBSE Board Exam 2022

Class

CLASS 10

Subject

SCIENCE

Year

2022

Set

Set 3

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