CBSE EXAMINATION PAPER-2025

Read the following text carefully :

 Indian labour market indicators have improved in the last six years, as per the Periodic Labour Force Survey Data. The unemployment rate has fallen to 3·2% in 2022  23. Rising youth and female participation in the workforce present an opportunity to tap the demographic and gender dividend. The factory employment data exhibits the bounce back of the organised manufacturing sector in FY 2022  23 with rise in employment and the upscaling of factories. 

 The net payroll additions under EPFO have more than doubled in the past five years, signalling healthy growth in formal employment. 

 To generate and sustain quality employment, agro-processing and care economy are two promising candidates. 

 On the basis of the given text and common understanding, answer the following questions :

Read the following statements carefully:

Statement 1:The government may reduce the repo rate, to control deflationary gap prevailing in the economy.

Statement 2: The government may reduce the deflationary gap, by selling off government securities (G-Sec) in the open market.

In the light of the given statements, choose the correct option from the following:

To arrive at the value of Gross Value Added at Factor Cost (GVA FC), ____________ must be ___________ to/from Gross Value Added at Market Price (GVA MP). (Choose the correct option to fill in the blanks)

Read the following statements Assertion (A) and Reason (R). Choose the correct alternative from the options given below:

Assertion (A): Direct taxes are imposed on income/profits of individuals/companies.

Reason (R): The burden of payment of direct taxes cannot be shifted to any other entity.

Under the Keynesian theory,' Reference the Line' is a straight line passing through the origin drawn at an angle of __________ . (Choose the correct option to fill in the blank)

Read the following statements carefully:

Statement 1: Marginal Propensity to Consume (MPC) refers to the consumption per unit of income.

Statement 2: As the income increases, the proportionate increase in the level of consumption is always more than the increase in the level of income.

In the light of the given statements, choose the correct option from the following:

Read the following statements carefully:

Statement 1: Import of heavy machinery from Japan is a source of demand for foreign exchange.

Statement 2: Financial aid by International Bank for Reconstruction and Development (IBRD) for landslide in Wayanad (Kerala) is a source of supply of foreign exchange.

In the light of the given statements, choose the correct option from the following:

Read the following statements carefully:

Statement 1: The British policies were accountable for commercialization of Indian agriculture.

Statement 2: In the larger interest of Indians, the British rulers focused on the infrastructural growth of India.

In the light of the given statements, choose the correct option from the following:

Read the following statements Assertion (A) and Reason (R). Choose the correct alternative from the options given below:

Assertion (A): Information plays a crucial role in judicious decision-making about investing in human capital.

Reason (R): Individuals invest to acquire information about the labour market and other areas such as education and healthcare.

Identify, which of the following statements is incorrect about the Rural Banking system in India.                 (Choose the correct option)

  In the post-independence era, the policy makers of India pushed for 'Self-reliance' for the first______ Five Year Plans.

        (Choose the correct option to fill in the blank)                                                                                       

Production of diverse varieties of crops rather than one specialized crop is known as diversification of ___________.

                                                       (Choose the correct option to fill in the blank)                                                                                    

Identify, which of the following statements is incorrect about the functions of environment.                                   (Choose the correct option)

Suppose an economy is experiencing a situation of rise in Real Gross Domestic Product (GDP), without any corresponding rise in the employment opportunities.

In economic parlance, such a situation is termed as __________ growth.                                        

(Choose the correct option to fill in the blank)                                                                                   

Read the following statements _Assertion (A) and Reason (R). Choose the correct alternative from the options given below : 

Assertion (A) : Excessive regulation of permit license raj prevented certain private firms from becoming more efficient. 

Reason (R) : Private sector wasted a significant time in obtaining licenses rather than enhancing product quality and international competitiveness. 

Explain any two precautions pertaining to the Expenditure Method of estimation of National Income in a country. 

Taxation is an effective tool to reduce the inequalities of income.

Justify the given statement with valid reasons. 

Elaborate the economic reforms in agriculture sector undertaken by China. 

Appraise the Navratan policy adopted by the Government of India in the reforms of 1991.

Under the British rule, India underwent systematic economic exploitation with its resources and wealth being diverted to Britain .

Justify the given statement with valid explanation.

Assuming for a hypothetical economy:

(i) Autonomous Consumption Expenditure (c̅) = ₹250 crore,

(ii) Marginal Propensity to Save (MPS) = 0.2,

(iii) Autonomous Investments (I₀)=₹ 200 crore.

Estimate the Break-even level of Income and Equilibrium level of Income, on the basis of information given above.

Elaborate any two components of the Capital Account under the Balance of Payments Account.

Distinguish between Autonomous transactions and Accommodating transactions.  

Read the following text carefully :  

 According to a report issued by a research organisation, there is a sharp decline in the overall demand in the economy, particularly in the private consumption segment. This dip in the macro economic variables, highlights the urgent need for strategic actions to stimulate economic activities.

 On the basis of the given text and common understanding, explain the measure which the government may take to solve the indicated problem.

(i)  Distinguish between human capital and physical capital.

(ii) Describe ('LPG') and Gobar Gas' as strategies used to achieve sustainable development in rural areas.           

(i) Critically appraise the micro-credit programmes in rural India.

(ii) State the meaning of sustainable development. 

Read the given text carefully and answer the following questions :

In response to the problem of rapidly rising population, China introduced the ' One Child Policy.' The policy restricted couples to having only one child. This policy helped China to limit the population growth. 

 This policy led to significant consequences, such as an increase ageing population, gender imbalances due to male child preference and social challenges for single children, etc. 

 This policy was relaxed in 2015, allowing all couples to have two children and further relaxed to three children in 2021. 

 Overall, while the One Child Policy achieved its primary goal of controlling population growth, it also created a complex set of demographic and social challenges that China continues to address today.  

(a) Explain the consequences of implementation of the One Child Policy in China. 

(b)  State any one reason for the implementation of the One Child Policy in China. 

State and elaborate whether the following statements are true/false, with valid arguments :

(a) In the Indian rural landscape, agricultural diversification has emerged as a solution for a lot of farmer's problems.

(b) Informalisation of workforce in India, has increased various concerns on the front of employment generation among the youth of the country. 

(i) Discuss briefly, causes and consequences of tax reforms taken by the Indian Government during economic reforms. 

(ii) Distinguish between Multilateral Trade and Bilateral Trade.

(i) Import substitution policy, if not applied carefully , can prove to be a double-edged sword for any economy .

Do you agree with the given statement ? Justify your answer with valid arguments.  

(ii) Distinguish between stabilising measures and structural measures, as taken up by the Government of India in 1991. 

(i) Suppose there are only three firms in an imaginary economy, viz. X, Y and Z. During a year, the following transactions took place in the economy :   

(I) Firm X sold goods worth ₹ 20,000 to Firm Y and ₹ 12,000 to Firm Z.

(II) Firm Y sold goods worth ₹  11,000 to Firm X and  ₹ 35,000 to Firm Z.

(III) Firm Z sold goods worth  ₹ 57,000 to households for final consumption. 

On the basis of the given transactions, calculate the value of Gross Domestic Product at Market Price (GDPMP) in the economy.  

(ii) Elaborate the likely impact of construction of two new Express Highways on the Gross Domestic Product (GDP) and Welfare in an economy.

(a) Elaborate the process of Credit Creation using a suitable numerical example. 

(b)  Read the following text carefully :     

This function of provides different items to be evaluated against a common standard. It allows comparison of prices and keeping financial records .       

(i) On the basis of the given text, identify the indicated function of money.     

(ii) List any other two functions of money.