CBSE EXAMINATION PAPER-2022

Read the following text carefully. Answer questions on the basis of the given text and common understanding :

The NITI Aayog Index developed in collaboration with German cooperation, ranks 56 urban areas on 77 Sustainable Developmental Goals (SDGs) indicators. In its journey of localization of the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) and creating SDG's progress monitoring system at all levels, the NITI Aayog has developed the SDG Urban Index and Dashboard in 2021-22.

The index will strengthen SDG localization and institute monitoring at the various cities level. According to the NITI Aayog, this index highlights the strengths and gaps of data monitoring and reporting systems. The tools used in the index will contribute to the creation of an ecological system in which all stakeholders will be equipped to adopt and implement data-driven decision-making.

The NITI Aayog is of the view that this transformative change is quite essential, given the increasing prominence of our cities and urban areas in charting the future of development in India. Out of 56 urban areas ranked in the index, 44 are with population above one million.

As per the NITI Aayog, for each SDG the urban areas are ranked on the scale of 0-100. A score of 100 implies that the urban area has achieved the targets set for 2030. A zero score implies that it is the farthest from achieving the target among the selected urban areas. The areas with score between 0 and 49 have been ranked as aspirants, those with 50-64 are termed as performers, 6699 are called front-runners and ones with perfect score are called achievers.

Giving valid reasons, classify the following into stock and flow variables:

(i) Population of India as on 31st March, 2021

(ii) Domestic Income of Indian Economy during the fiscal year 2020-21.

You are given the consumption function of an imaginary economy,C = 100 + 0·8 Y, where C = Consumption and Y = Income.

Calculate :

(i) The value of Marginal Propensity to Save (MPS)

(ii) The level of income at Break-Even Point

S = 60 + 0·1 Y is the saving function, where S is Saving and Y is National Income.

Calculate the Equilibrium level of Income.

"Workers working in formal sector earn more than those in the informal sector."

Defend or refute the given statement with valid arguments.

"Economic development in India has been accompanied by environmental concerns."

Do you agree with the given statement? Give valid reasons in support of your answer.

Discuss briefly the working process of investment multiplier (K), assuming that Change in Investment (△I) is less than 4,000 crore and Marginal Propensity to Consume (MPC) is 0.5.

"In the late 1970s, China's population growth rate had sharply declined as compared to India."

Elucidate the reason and impact of this situation.

Briefly explain the different phases of circular flow of income.

In an economy, if the Real Gross Domestic Product (GDP) is 300 crore and Price Index (with base = 100) is 110, calculate the Nominal Gross Domestic Product.

From the following data, show that the National Income will be same from both Income Method and Expenditure Method :