CBSE EXAMINATION PAPER-2025

We say that it is our firm and solemn resolve to have an independent sovereign republic. India is bound to be sovereign, it is bound to be independent and it is bound to be a republic ... Now, some friends have raised the question: 'Why have you not put in the word ‘democratic’ here?' Well, I told them that it is conceivable, of course, that a republic may not be democratic but the whole of our past is witness to this fact that we stand for democratic institutions. Obviously we are aiming at democracy and nothing less than a democracy. What form of democracy, what shape it might take is another matter. The democracies of the present day, many of them in Europe and elsewhere, have played a great part in the world’s progress. Yet it may be doubtful if those democracies may not have to change their shape somewhat before long if they have to remain completely democratic. We are not going just to copy, I hope, a certain democratic procedure or an institution of a so-called democratic country. We may improve upon it. In any event whatever system of government we may establish here must fit in with the temper of our people and be acceptable to them. We stand for democracy. It will be for this House to determine what shape to give to that democracy, the fullest democracy, I hope. The House will notice that in this Resolution, although we have not used the word “democratic” because we thought it is obvious that the word “republic” contains that word and we did not want to use unnecessary words and redundant words, but we have done something much more than using the word. We have given the content of democracy in this Resolution and not only the content of democracy but the content, if I may say so, of economic democracy in this Resolution. Others might take objection to this Resolution on the ground that we have not said that it should be a Socialist State. Well, I stand for Socialism and, I hope, India will stand for Socialism and that India will go towards the constitution of a Socialist State and I do believe that the whole world will have to go that way.

On the given political outline map of India (on page 27), locate and label the following with appropriate symbols :

Two statements labelled as Assertion (A) and Reason (R) are given below.

Read them carefully and select the correct option :

Assertion (A): Shahjehan Begum was a patron of art and architecture in the 19th century, known for her contribution for Sanchi’s preservation. Reason (R): Sanchi Stupa is a classical example of early Buddhist architecture.

Which of the following was the role of the Dhamma Mahamattas during Ashoka’s reign ?

Which of the following statements accurately describes the coinage of ancient India ?

I. Ancient Parthian gold coins showed extensive trade in north India.

II. Ancient Roman coins in South India indicated trade beyond borders.

III. Ancient Yaudheyas issued copper coins that highlighted their economic activity.

IV. Ancient Gupta rulers issued silver coins that facilitated trade.

Fill in the blank with the appropriate word from the given options. In Jaina philosophy, the cycle of birth and rebirth is influenced by ______.

Identify the ancient ruler of India with the help of following information and choose the correct option :

Was the best known ruler of the Satavahana dynasty.

• Claimed to be a unique Brahmana.

• Was the son of Rishi Vashistha

Match the following Column I with Column II and choose the correct option :

Which of the following pairs is correctly matched ?

Which of the following temple’s priest provided memories that were crucial for the initial survey of Hampi ?

Which of the following features of ‘Mulk Abadi’ of Ain-i-Akbari helps historians to understand the administrative structure of the Mughal Empire ?

Fill in the blank : Karl Marx’s concept of ‘Asiatic mode of production’ depicted rural society as _________.

Why are Chola temples at places like Thanjavur significant in ancient history ?

Which of the following pairs is correctly matched regarding the Vijayanagara empire ?

Why did the British prefer the ‘Ryotwari system’ in Bombay over the ‘Permanent Settlement’ ?

Which of the following options shows the correct chronological order of events related to Indian National Movement ?

I. Second Round Table Conference

II. Peasant Movement in Bardoli

III. Champaran Satyagraha

IV. Jallianwala Bagh Massacre

Why was Awadh referred to as the ‘Nursery of the Bengal Army’ during the 1850s ? Choose the correct option from the following.

Which of the following pairs of Committees and their Presidents is correct regarding the Constituent Assembly ?

(Committees of Constituent Assembly) (Presidents)

On whose advice did Gandhiji spend a year travelling around British India upon his return in 1915 ?

Choose the correct option from the following to fill in the blank regarding the leaders of the Revolt of 1857. Arrah (Bihar) : Kunwar Singh; ____________ : Birjis Qadr

Two statements labelled as Assertion (A) and Reason (R) are given below. Read them carefully and select the correct option :

Assertion (A) : The American Civil War created a panic in the cotton circles in Britain.

Reason (R) : American cotton supplies had dropped drastically which increased the demand for Indian cotton.

Look at the image given below and identify the historical artefact :

How did different types of marriages reflect the social systems of ancient India during the Mahabharata Period ? Explain with examples.

How did familial relations impact the social systems of India during the Mahabharata Period ? Explain with examples.

How has Puranic Hinduism contributed to the development of Vaishnavism and Shaivism ? Explain with examples.

“Panchayats played a crucial role in the Mughal rural society.” Justify the statement with suitable arguments.

“Many forest-dwelling communities maintained a significant level of political independence.” Examine the statement in the context of Mughal empire.

Analyse the role of Jotedars in the Permanent Settlement system.

How has Indian imagery preserved Rani Laxmibai’s contribution during the Revolt of 1857 ? Explain.

Imagine you are creating a project on Mirabai’s life. How would you explain the emotions of devotion in her poetry ?