CBSE EXAMINATION PAPER-2025

As per the theory of Demographic Transition, which of the following statements are correct? (I) Population growth is linked to overall levels of economic development. (II) Every society follows a typical pattern of development. (III) The development is related to population growth. (IV) There are four stages of population growth.

Social inequality and exclusion are facts of life. Social inequality and exclusion are social because they are not about individuals but about groups. In every society, some people have a greater share of valued resources – money, property, education, health and power – than others. People often face discrimination and exclusion because of their gender, religion, ethnicity, language, caste and disability.

Social inequality and exclusion are facts of life because:

(I) This everydayness of social inequality and exclusion often makes them appear inevitable, almost natural.

(II) We often think of them as being ‘deserved’ or ‘justified’ in some sense.

(III) These are natural which can be changed.

(IV) The poor and marginalised are not blamed for their own plight. Which of the above statements are correct?

Social inequality and exclusion are facts of life. Social inequality and exclusion are social because they are not about individuals but about groups. In every society, some people have a greater share of valued resources – money, property, education, health and power – than others. People often face discrimination and exclusion because of their gender, religion, ethnicity, language, caste and disability.

Which of the following statements is not true related to Exclusion of Dalits?

‘‘By and large, work for most Indians is still in smallscale workplaces. Here personal relationships determine many aspects of work.’’ In large organisations work is not determined by personal relationships. What inference can you draw from this statement ?

Adivasis shared a common hatred for dikus. Why ? Give two reasons.

During the 1960s, scholars debated whether tribes should be seen as one end of a continuum with caste-based (Hindu) peasant society, or whether they were an altogether different kind of community.

What is the basis for the argument for tribe and caste distinction ?

Many districts of colonial India were administered through the Zamindari system.

What problems were faced by the peasants due to the Zamindari system ?

One of the negative outcomes of the Green Revolution strategy was the worsening of regional inequalities. Give two reasons for your answer.

The major epidemic diseases in the past were fevers of various sorts, plague, smallpox and cholera. But the single largest epidemic was the influenza epidemic of 1918 – 19, which killed about 5% of the total population of India at that time. Differentiate between epidemic and pandemic.

“Theoretically, the caste can be understood as the combination of two sets of principles.” Name them and define any one.

From the 1950s to the 1970s, a series of land reform laws were passed — at the national level as well as in the states. What were the reasons behind these reforms ?

Sociologists use the term ‘Social Stratification’ to refer to a system by which categories of people in a society are ranked in a hierarchy. How does Social Stratification persist over generations ?

Each one of us is born into a family, and most of us spend long years within it. Usually we feel very strongly about our family. The family is an integral part of lives. Elaborate.

‘‘In India, the impact of the very same British industrialisation led to deindustrialisation in some sectors.’’ Identify the impacts on the basis of the above statement.

There is a close relationship between disability and poverty. Discuss.

“In response to harsh working conditions, sometimes workers went on strike.” Justify taking the example of the famous Bombay Textile Strike of 1982.