QUESTION PAPER
2025 BOARD EXAM
CBSE CLASS 12-HUMANITIES ECONOMICS Board Paper 2025 — Set 1
2025
ECONOMICS
CLASS 12-HUMANITIES
CBSE EXAMINATION PAPER-2025
ECONOMICS
(Solved)
General Instructions :
Read the following instructions carefully and follow them :
- This question paper contains 9 questions. All questions are compulsory.
- This question paper is divided into 4 sections.
- Section A – questions number 1 to 1 are case based questions
- Section B – questions number 2 to 3 are short answer type i
- Section C – questions number 4 to 8 are short answer type ii
- Section D – questions number 9 to 9 are long answer
- There is no overall choice given in the question paper. However, an internal choice has been provided in few questions.
- Use of calculator is NOT allowed.
Section A
Read the following text carefully :
Union Food and Consumer Affairs Minister said that the Central Government has taken many proactive steps in the past few years to control retail prices of food items. He said that the government aims to keep inflation under control without compromising the country's economic growth. Retail inflation inched up to a three-month high of 5.55% in November 2023 driven by higher food prices. Inflation has been declining since August 2023, when it touched 6.83%. 140 new price monitoring centres had been set up by the Central Government to keep a close watch on wholesale and retail prices of essential commodities.
The Government has banned the export of many food items like wheat, broken rice, non-basmati white rice, onions etc. It has also reduced import duties on edible oils and pulses to boost domestic supply and control price rise.
On the basis of the given text and common understanding, answer the following questions :
(1) Mention the number of new price monitoring centres set up by government.
(2) State any two proactive measures taken by government to boost domestic supply and reduction in prices.
(3) Explain any one monetary measure used to control inflation.
Section B
Distinguish between Net Factor Income from Abroad (NFIA) and Net Exports (X — M).
Explain the reasons behind less number of regular salaried employees in rural areas as compared to urban areas.
Section C
Suppose in an economy, primary deposits are ₹500, if the Reserve Ratio is 25%. Estimate the total deposits created and the total lending by the banking system.
Explain the adjustment mechanism in case ex-ante savings are greater than ex-ante investments.
Describe briefly a rationale behind choosing 'Self-reliance' as a planning objective for the Indian economy.
Explain how, Goods and Services Tax (GST) has simplified the multiplicity of taxes on goods and services.
Describe the path of developmental initiatives taken by Pakistan for its economic development.
Section D
(i) Distinguish between Stock and flow variables, using suitable examples.
(ii) Explain the components of 'Profit' as per Income Method of estimating National Income (NNPFC).
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